Religious Conservatism
This religious movement, which arose in the late nineteenth century in reaction to to theological liberalism and cultural modernism, emphasized the literal interpretation of the Bible and a return to the basics of the Christian faith.
What is Fundamentalism?
This gathering of representatives from religious traditions around the world at the Chicago World's Fair in 1893 was hailed by reporters as the most important event of the century and helped introduce eastern religions to many Americans.
What is the World's Parliament of Religions?
This wealthy evangelical businessman was Robert Matthews's chief financial backer before he was likely murdered in 1834.
Who is Elijah Pierson?
The hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States during the nineteenth century was dominated by immigrants from which country?
This book of the Old Testament inspired slaves with a narrative of liberation from bondage or "Egypt."
What is the Book of Exodus?
This Presbyterian theologian from Princeton Theological Seminary attacked Charles Darwin's theory of evolution as atheistic due to its denial of divine agency in nature.
Who is Charles Hodge?
This scholarly method for understanding scripture, which focused sorting out the historical source texts on which the books of the bible were based, upended the biblical faith of many nineteenth century American Protestants.
What is the Higher Criticism?
This leader of the Church of Latter-Day Saints had a brief encounter with Robert Matthews in Kirkland, Ohio that ended in the two prophets denouncing each other.
Who is Joseph Smith?
This anti-Catholic, anti-immigrant party rose briefly to prominence in the 1850s.
What is the Know-Nothing Party?
This escaped slave, abolitionist, and orator railed against the hypocrisy of what he called the "slaveholding religion" of the White South.
Who is Frederick Douglass?
This millenarian group, fouunded by Charles Taze Russell in the 1870s, predicted an apocalyptic battle between God and Satan, refused military service, and did not believe in hell. They are known today for their door-to-door preaching.
Who are the Jehovah's Witnesses?
This liberal pastor from Ohio argued that "if our assurance of salvation were made to depend upon our knowledge that every word of the Bible was of divine origin, our hopes of eternal life would be altogether insecure."
Who is Washington Gladden?
This ex-slave who participated in the Matthias movement, known in the 1830s by her given name, Isabella Van Wagonen, later became a major player in the abolitionist and feminist movements.
Who is Sojourner Truth?
This Catholic doctrine, which became prominent in the 1860s, emphasized the power and prerogatives of the Pope.
What is ultramontanism?
This African American denomination was founded in Philadelphia by Richard Allen, its first bishop, in order to escape the discrimination experienced in white Methodist churches.
What is the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME)?
This evangelist and former shoemaker drew large crowds to his rallies and founded a bible institute in 1886 in Chicago that still bears his name.
Who is Dwight Moody?
This Unitarian minister resigned his in 1832 to become an essayist, writer, and freelance intellectual.
Who is Ralph Waldo Emerson?
This novelist and writer may have used the story of Robert Matthews as inspiration for his novella The Confidence Man (1857).
Who is Herman Melville?
This viewpoint, branded as heresy by the papacy in the 1860s, was advocated by James Gibbons, Archbishop of Baltimore, and urged Catholic accommodation to Protestant institutions in the U.S. such as schools, colleges, and hospitals.
What is Americanism?
This Protestant denomination, which split in 1845, initially over the question of slavery and abolition, remains divided into northern and southern branches.
Who are the Baptists?
This immigrant-heavy denomination divided in the nineteenth century into liberal and conservative factions, led respectively by Samuel Simon Schmucker and C.F.W. Walther.
What is Lutheranism?
This enormously popular liberal preacher and social reformer, the pastor of Plymouth Congregational Church in Brooklyn, was the brother of the author of Uncle Tom's Cabin.
Who is Henry Ward Beecher?
Matthews and Ann Folger used this term, which signified that two members of the Kingdom were spiritual compatible, to justify their marriage within the Kingdom.
What is "match spirit."
These violent disturbances in 1863, at the height of the Civil War, inspired Protestant fears that American Catholics were in league with southern slaveowners.
What are the New York Draft riots?
These two sisters, born to a slaveowning family in South Carolina, became prominent abolitionists and drew upon biblical arguments to make their case against slavery.
Who are Sarah and Angelina Grimke?