A vibration that travels through a medium (a
solid, liquid, gas) which is composed of
frequencies that are within the range of
human hearing.
What is sound?
The measurement of the degree of change in atmospheric pressure caused by sound waves (intensity)
What is Amplitude?
The biggest problem with the first recorded sounds.
What is the fact that they couldn't be played back - i.e. a pen attached to a tuning fork records the contour of sound waves on paper.
This invention was originally designed to record directly from telephone lines, which the phonograph could not do.
It recorded onto a thin steel wire (referred to as piano wire) wrapped around a metal cylinder using electromagnets.
What is the Telegraphone?
the electrical principle that makes dynamic microphones work?
What is inductance?
The term for a very catchy section that happens multiple times in a song. Each time it is played it has the same music and lyrics.
What is the chorus?
The term that refers to technology that records, stores, and reproduces sound by encoding an audio signal in digital binary form instead of an analog form.
What is digital audio?
Waves in which the medium oscillates parallel to the wave direction.
What are Longitudinal Waves?
The 3 ways of measuring amplitude.
What are:
Peak Amplitude
Peak-to-Peak Amplitude
RMS Amplitude
A machine built by Thomas Edison in 1877 that records on a long piece of tin foil wrapped around a cylinder.
What is a phonograph?
A process where the tape is divided into multiple parallel tracks.
Multiple musical instruments can be recorded, either one at a time or simultaneously, onto individual tracks, so that the sounds can be later accessed, processed and manipulated individually.
What is multi-track recording?
the electrical principle that makes condenser microphones work.
What is capacitance?
The term for a section that brings contrast to the rest of the song. It usually only appears only once and occurs half to two-thirds of the way through a song.
What is the bridge?
It is measured in kilohertz and represents the number of snapshots that are taken per second. It also determines the frequency response of the digitized sound.
What is the sample rate?
Frequencies with shorter wavelengths.
What are higher frequencies?
The term for the quietest sound that can be perceived by the human ear (the point at which silence becomes sound).
What is the threshold of hearing?
A device used for the recording and playback of sound that contains a diaphragm connected to a sharp point.
What is an acoustic horn?
A production technique wherein the best parts of several different performances (or takes) are spliced together to create a composite performance.
What is comping?
The TYPE of voltage used in phantom power.
What is DC (Direct Current)?
a. At the beginning of a new section
b. Halfway through a section (after 4 or 8 bars of the section have been played)
c. If going for a quick build or release, at the beginning of bars 1, 3, 5 or 7 of an 8 bar section.
When should instruments be added/subtracted?
The term for the process in which the analogue voltage of a waveform is assigned a binary value.
What is Quantization?
The term for when a crest of one wave meets a trough of another wave.
What is "Out of Phase"?
The minimum volume change recognized by the ear, measured in dB.
What is 1dB?
An invention by Emile Berliner in 1894 that offers the ability to record on both sides of the disc thereby increasing the playing time.
What is the Gramophone?
The term for an ultrasonic tone of between 40 kHz and 150 kHz mixed in with the audible frequencies of the sound source during recording that greatly reduced distortion in open reel tape recordings.
What is a BIAS signal?

What does a Cardioid polar pattern look like?
The term for the type of track that provides the harmonic structure of a song.
Examples of instruments include: Piano/electric piano/organ, Poly synth, Acoustic/electric guitar, Strings.
What is harmony?
The standard bit depth for professional audio production, during recording and mixing
What is 24-bit?
The "fundamental frequency" if the 4th harmonic is 1KHz.
What is 250Hz?
In this scale, a reading of 0 dB indicates the maximum level before distortion occurs.
What are dBfs (or dB “Full Scale”)?
An invention that marked the first time sound could be amplified without the use of a mechanical horn.
What is the vacuum tube?
The first of three "heads" on a magnetic tape recorder.
What is the erase head?
The term for the unnatural build up of low frequency energy in a microphone as it gets closer and closer to a sound source.
What is the proximity effect?
The term for a repeated phrase of music that happens consistently through a section or multiple sections of a song.
What is an ostinato?
MP3
AAC
VORBIS
WMA
What are examples of Lossy Compression File types?