1. NH3 Chronicles
2. Haber or Not to Haber
3. Ammonia in Action
4. NH3 & The Planet
5. Equilibrium & Energy
100

What are the starting materials used to make ammonia

hydrogen, nitrogen and a catalyst

100

Name one catalyst in the Haber process

Nickel/Nickel oxide

100

why is ammonia used as a cleaning agent?

It breaks down grease, oils, and stains due to its alkaline nature

100

What is Eutrophication 

It is the process by which excess quantities of fertilizers pollute rivers and lakes causing an overgrowth of algae and bacteria leading to the death of aquatic organisms.

100

Why does ammonia require purification during production?

To remove harmful impurities like sulfur oxides & hydrogen sulfide

200

What is syngas?

A mix of carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas

200

What reaction recovers extra hydrogen in the Haber process?

Water shift reaction

200

How does ammonia help in wastewater treatment?

Neutralizes acidic waste & removes impurities.

200

What effect does ammonia have on plants?

Causes damage to leaves leaves and stems because of alkalinity

200

What is the enthalpy change in the Haber process

ΔH = -92 kJ/mol

300

What is ammonia commonly used in agriculture and how is it used?

it is used as a fertilizer to provide nitrogen to plants

300

Why does ammonia production contribute to greenhouse emissions

It requires a large amount of natural gas, leading to significant CO2 emissions.

300

Why is ammonia used in the manufacture of explosives?

It is a key ingredient in nitric acid to make explosives like TNT and ammonium nitrate.

300

Why is ammonia used in the food and beverage industry 

It provides a nitrogen source for yeast and helps adjust pH during fermentation

300

Why is iron commonly used as a catalyst in the Haber process?

Iron speeds up the reaction by lowering the activation energy, allowing ammonia to form more quickly without shifting equilibrium.

400

Why is ammonia highly soluble in water?

It forms hydrogen bonds with water molecules creating ammonium hydroxide

400

What is the Le Chatelier's principle?

If a dynamic equilibrium is disturbed by changing the conditions, the position of equilibrium shifts to counteract the change to reestablish an equilibrium.

400

what is an issue with catalysts used in ammonia production

They need to be replaced every 2-6 years, if not not properly recycled it would lead to issues

400

What kind of gases in the atmosphere combine with ammonia that contribute to smog?

Sulpher oxides and nitrogen 

400

Why is the Haber process typically carried out at around 450°C instead of a lower temperature?

Although lower temperatures increase ammonia yield, they slow the reaction significantly, so 450°C is a compromise between rate and yield.

500

How does soil acidification affect plant growth?

Reduces availability of essential nutrients, leading to weaker plants and low crop yield

500

What is the equation that shows that 10% yeild of ammonia is produced?

N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g)

500

Outline the how does ammonia contribute to soil acidification 

When ammonia is deposited in the oil, it turns into ammonium (NH4+). Bacteria then convert ammonium into nitrate (NO3-) through nitrification, releasing hydrogen ions (H+) in the process. This makes the soil more acidic

500

Name three human activities that contribute to ammonia-related soil acidification and explain how they cause it.

1. Use of ammonium-based fertilizers – When ammonium fertilizers break down in the soil, bacteria convert them into nitrates, releasing hydrogen ions (H⁺), which increase soil acidity.


2.  Livestock farming – Animal waste releases ammonia into the environment, which undergoes nitrification, forming acidic compounds that lower soil pH. 


3.  Industrial pollution – Factories and power plants release nitrogen compounds into the air, eventually depositing them into the soil, contributing to acidification.

500

Why do high-pressure and low-temperature favor ammonia production in the Haber process?

High pressure favors ammonia formation because, according to Le Chatelier's Principle, the system shifts toward the side with fewer gas molecules (2 moles of NH₃ vs. 4 moles of reactants), increasing ammonia yield.

Lower temperature favors ammonia production because the reaction is exothermic, meaning lower temperatures shift equilibrium toward the product (NH₃), maximizing its yield.