Manufactured Fiber
What is a manufactured fiber?
Any fiber derived by a process of manufacture form a substance that at any point in the process is not a fiber.
What are the two manufactured regenerated fibers?
Rayon and Acetate
Synthetic fibers must be....
Synthesized or made
How is acrylic produced?
-Dry spun from addition polymer or copolymer
-Hot drawn
What is delustering?
Titanium dioxide reduces luster (produces dull, not bright fibers)
Fiber Spinning Process
-Prepare viscous or syrupy dope
-Extrude dope through spinnerets to form fiber
-Solidify fiber by coagulation, evaporation, or cooling
How is Rayon produced?
Wet spun
How are synthetic fibers produced?
Synthesize polymer from raw materials by addition or condensation polymerization.
How is nylon produced?
-Polyamide melt spun from condensation polymer made from diamine and acid
-Cold drawn
what is solution dyeing or mass pigmentation?
Add colored pigment/dye to spinning solution
Methods of creating a manufactured fiber
-Wet spinning
-Dry spinning
-Melt Spinning
What are the fiber properties of rayon
-100% cellulose
-Irregular surface
Name 5 common properties of Synthetic Fibers
-Heat Sensitive
-Chemically resistant
-Hydrophobic
-Oleophilic
-Static Electricity
-Slick and Abrasion Resistant
-Strong and Resilient
-Resistant to most common fiber degragants, including sunlight
-Flame resistance varies widely
-Low Density
-Pilling
-Non-Biodegradable
What dissolves acetate?
Acetone
What are whiteners or brightness?
Added to resist yellowing
What are the fiber modifications
-Fiber size (controlled by the spinneret)
-Shape (alter mechanical or aesthetic properties)
-Modification of Molecular structure & crystallinity
-Additives to polymer or spinning solution
Acetate was the first what?
Thermoplastic fiber
Name 2 synthetic fibers
-Nylon
-Polyester
-Acrylic
How is polyester produced?
-Melt spun of condensation polymer from di-acid and di-alcohol
-Hot drawn
What is dye affinity?
Dye accepting chemicals incorporated into molecular structure as a direct part of polymer
With high tenacity fiber types....
-Drawing or stretching to increase orientation
-Chemical modification to increase degree of polymerization
How is acetate produced?
Dry spun
Synthetic Fiber Modifications
-Self crimping
-Solution dyed
-Bicomonent or copolymer
-Modified cross section and size
-Dyeability
What is wet spinning?
-Used on acrylic, rayon, and spandex
-Polymer dissolved by chemicals, spun into a bath, and coagulated.
What are the 4 additives to polymer or spinning solution?
-Dellustering
-Solution dyeing or Mass Pigmenation
-Whiteners or Brightners
-Dye Affinity