Vocabulary
This word describes the study of what makes up the Earth, and of what forces change it over time.
geology
These are the four layers of the Earth, named in order from outermost to innermost.
the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core
This type of volcano has erupted in the past 10,000 years.
active volcano?
What genre helps explain unpredictable natural events?
Myth
This type of underwater mountain range is formed by erupting magma around two plates that are drifting apart. This is also the name of the longest mountain range on Earth.
mid-ocean ridge?
This is the name given to Alfred Wegener's hypothesis that all of the Earth's continents were once joined together as one supercontinent, Pangaea.
continental drift theory
What is the Earth's largest and thickest layer?
The mantle
These are the TWO types of places at or above which volcanoes, geysers, and hot springs may form.
plate boundaries and hotspots?
True or False. Volcano myths often explain volcanic activity by describing how gods and goddesses cause volcano related occurrences.
True
This geological feature underwater is a deep, narrow valley.
ocean trench?
This word describes the process in which natural forces such as water and wind move sediments to a new location.
erosion
What does the theory of plate tectonics say?
That the Earth's tectonic plates have been slowly moving and interacting for billions of years.
This type of volcano has not erupted in the past 10,000 years and is unlikely to erupt again.
extinct volcano
Moving apart, colliding, and sliding sideways past one another are 3 ways these things move. What are they?
tectonic plates
True or False. Tsunamis can travel as much as 500 miles an hour.
True.
This word describes the boundary between tectonic plates.
fault
Earthquakes that occur underwater can cause this type of gigantic wave that can move at speeds of up to 500 miles per hour and can be as tall as a four-story building!
a tsunami
This type of volcano has not erupted in the past 10,000 years, but may erupt again.
dormant volcano
This has NUMBERS that describe the intensity of earthquakes based on the largest seismic wave recorded.
Richter scale
Scientists dredged up rock samples from mid-ocean ridges. The rocks were cooled lava rocks called what??
basalt
thin, rocky, outermost; two types: oceanic and continental
crust
Name at least three pieces of evidence for the continental drift hypothesis.
-Similar rock formations on different continents
-Similar fossils on different continents
-The coastlines of Africa and South America fit together like puzzle pieces
-Identical mineral deposits found on different continents
-Warm-climate fossils found in Antarctica
What is the name of the famous geyser in Yellowstone National Park?
Old Faithful
This has jagged up-and-down lines that show the energy of seismic waves.
seismograph
What is another word for "measures of water depth" that scientists would take by lowering weighted lines into the water?
soundings