Vocabulary-A.
Temperature
A measure of how hot or cold something is
Collision
The moment when something hits something else
Lava is hot liquid rock. When lava flows over solid ground, the solid ground beneath it increases in temperature. What happens to the molecules in the solid ground when the temperature is increasing?
The energy of the molecules in the ground increases.
When a thing gets hotter, it's molecules are moving ________.
Faster
When a thing gets colder, it's molecules are moving ________.
Slower
Transfer
To move from one object or place to another
Equilibrium
A state in which a system is stable
Claude is in the kitchen cooking and is going to stack one pan on top of another pan. The two pans are the same size and have the same number of molecules. The bottom pan is at a temperature of 7, while the top is at a temperature of 3. How does the temperature of the top pan compare with the temperature of the bottom pan now, and what will happen after the pans have been touching for a while?
Before the pans touch, the bottom pan is hotter than the top pan. Once the pans are touching, the bottom pan will transfer kinetic energy to the molecules in the cooler top pan until both pans reach the same temperature, which will be in between their starting temperatures.
Temperature is the measure of the __________ speed (kinetic energy) of the molecules of a thing.
When a thing gets hotter, it's molecules are moving faster and have more _________ energy.
Kinetic
Energy
The ability to make, move, or change things
Average
A number that summarizes a set of data
An architect is stacking pieces of plastic to make two columns in a model building. The diagram above shows the pieces of plastic before they touch each other. Use the information in the diagram to answer the question. After they have been touching for a while, which of the two top plastic pieces will be cooler, and why?
The larger top plastic piece will be cooler than the smaller top plastic piece, because the energy that transferred to it was spread out over more molecules.
When a thing gets colder, it's molecules are moving faster and have less _________ energy.
Kinetic
When two things are in contact, their molecules collide, and *_______ transfers from the **_______-moving molecules to the ***________-moving molecules.
* Energy
** Faster
*** Slower
Kinetic Energy
Energy that moves
Stability
When something stays mostly the same over time
Jason put an apple on top of an ice pack in his lunch bag. By lunchtime the temperature of his apple had decreased. What happened to the molecules in the apple when the temperature of the apple decreased?
The energy of the molecules in the apple decreased.
*___________ isn't created or destroyed. Therefore, as energy transfers, it increases in one of a system as it **_________ in another part of the system.
* Energy
** Decreases
The molecules of a system will transfer energy until the system reaches a stable state known as *_________, in which all molecules are moving at about the **________ speed.
* Equilibrium
** Average
Molecule
A group of atoms joined together in a certain way
Thermal Energy
The total kinetic energy
Geothermal power plants send water through pipes deep underground where it is hot. This causes the temperature of the water to increase. What happens to the molecules of the water when the temperature of the water increases?
The energy of the water molecules increases.
For things at the same temperature, the thing with more molecules has more ____________ kinetic energy (thermal energy) than the thing with fewer molecules
Total
At equilibrium, the * ________ kinetic energy (temperature) of the molecules in the system is the ** ________ kinetic energy (thermal energy) evenly divided by the number of molecules in the system
* Average
** Total