7 Steps to Survival
What’s the very first step?
Recognition
This immediate response to sudden immersion includes gasping for air, hyperventilation, and rapid rise in blood pressure.
Cold Shock Response
What does hypo stand for in hypothermia?
Under, or below
What three ingredients are needed for fire?
Heat, fuel, oxygen.
What’s one way to avoid surprising a bear?
Make noise, walk in groups, stay off bear trails, don’t hike in darake noise, walk in groups, stay off bear trails, don’t hike in dar
What are two types of emergencies?
Delayed and Immediate Onset
What does the “1–10–1 Rule” stand for
1 minute to control breathing, 10 minutes of useful movement, ~1 hour before moderate hypothermia.
These two survival positions help slow heat loss and buy time until rescue.
HELP and HUDDLE
Give 2 examples of fire starters?
Butane lighters, Matches, Flint and Steel, Friction, etc!
What is the high tide in Ketchikan on August 28, 2025?
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What should you inventory in the inventory stage?
People, Equipment, Environment
What’s the best way to increase survival time in cold water?
Wear a PFD, stay still, use HELP/Huddle, stay with the boat.
The body loses heat in water at this rate compared to air?
25x
Name one reason fires fail.
Wet fuel, poor fire lay, not enough air, damp conditions
What should signals do?
Attract attention and signal for help
For the shelter stage, what are two components of a good shelter?
Insulation from heat loss and Protection from elements
Why should you lift a water rescue victim horizontally if possible?
To avoid “after drop” and post-rescue collapse.
Name two common symptoms of hypothermia as core temperature begins to drop?
What are shivering and confusion?
What are 3 types of fuel?
Tinger, Kindling, Main Fuel
What causes the tides?
Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the Moon and Sun on Earth's oceans
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List the 7 Stay Rules of cold water survival.
Stay afloat, Stay dry, Stay still, Stay warm, Stay with boat, Stay together, Stay sober.
Name the 5 high heat loss areas
1. Head—50% of your body’s heat is lost from your head
2. Neck
3. Underarms
4. Sides of chest
5. Groin
Name three active and passive emergency signals.
Active: mirror, flare, Mayday call. Passive: SOS letters, tarp color, ground contrast.
What is the difference between active and passive survival signaling?
“What is: Active signals are made intentionally, like whistles, mirrors, or flares, while passive signals are set up to be seen or heard automatically, like large ground markers, fires, or bright colors?”