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Construction on Florence's grand cathedral began in 1296. Over a hundred years later, however, the structure remained unfinished, with an enormous hole in the roof. The designers had intended to top the cathedral with the world's largest dome, but this plan was stymied by architectural limitations. The main factor stalling progress was the fact that no one knew how to create such a massive cupola without large, cumbersome support systems.
What does cupola mean?
Dome