Pathways
What are the three different types of pathways?
metabolic, catabolic, and anabolic
What is energy?
The strength required for activity
What is thermodynamics?
The study of energy transformations
What do living systems do?
increase the entropy of the universe and use energy to maintain order
What is an exergonic reaction?
a reaction that proceeds with a net release of free energy and is spontaneous
What do catabolic pathways do?
break down complex molecules into simpler compounds and release energy
What are the two forms of energy?
Kinetic energy and potential energy
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
energy can be transferred and transformed and energy cannot be created or destroyed
What is free energy and how is it represented?
energy that can do work under cellular conditions,
ΔG
What is an endergonic reaction?
a reaction that absorbs free energy from is surroundings and is nonspontaneous
What do anabolic pathways do?
build complicated molecules from simpler ones and consume energy
What is kinetic energy?
The energy associated with motion
What is entropy
The disorder of the universe
What is enthalpy change represented by?
ΔH
How is a open hydroelectric system similar to the cells in our body?
they are both prevented from reaching equilibrium
What is the difference in catabolic and anabolic?
catabolic breaks down large molecules and anabolic creates them
What is potential energy?
Energy that is stored in the location of matter and includes chemical energy stored in molecular structure
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
Spontaneous changes that do not require outside energy increase the entropy, or disorder, of the universe
What are enthalpy and entropy change related to?
the change in free energy
What are the three main types of work a cell does?
mechanical, transport, and chemical
One type of metabolic pathway is cellular respiration, name the steps of this.
Glycolysis, Pyruvate Oxidation, Krebs Cycle, and Oxidative Phosphorylation
After diving from a platform, does the diver have less potential or kinetic energy in the water?
less potential energy
Catabolic reactions that occur without the use of outside energy are called what?
spontaneous
What is the equation for free energy?
ΔG=ΔH-TΔS
What is energy coupling?
a key feature in the way cells manage their energy resources to do work