Body Membranes
Describe a synovial membrane.
A synovial membrane is a connective tissue membrane that line fibrous capsules of surrounding joints.
Identify the primary function of the epidermis and give an example of a structure that supports the function.
The primary function of the epidermis is to provide protect. Stratified squamous tissue covers large surface area and keep bacteria from entering the underlining tissues. Keratin is produced by keratinocytes to keep cells weatherproof. Tight junctions and desmosomes keeps cells sealed so bacteria can't enter.
Identify a function of the dermis and give an example of a structure that supports the function.
The dermis is the vascular layer of the skin that provides support and contains blood vessels, glands and sensory receptors. The dermis is responsible support and helping to regulate body temperature and distribution of nutrients. The dermis also protects by producing sweat that is acidic and contains bacteriocide that kills bacteria on the surface of the skin.
Identify another name and the type of tissue that makes up the subcutaneous membrane.
Subcutaneous membrane is also known as the hypodermis and is made up of adipose tissue.
Describe a second degree burn and how it can be classified
Second degree burns involve the epidermis and part of the dermis. This type of burn results in red, painful, swollen skin and blisters. Second degree burns may also be reffered to as a Partial-thickness burn
What types of tissue make up mucous membranes?
Mucous membranes are moist epithelial membranes that consists of site specific epithelium are attached to loose connective tissue.
Identify the layers of the epidermis that make up the stratum germinativum.
The stratum germinativum is made up of:
1. stratum spinosum
2. stratum basale
Identify the TWO layers of the dermis.
The dermis consists of the papillary layer (superficial) and the reticular layer (deep).
Describe the best way to identify a sebaceous gland vs. sudoriferous gland in a diagram.
Sebaceous glands are always associated with a hair follicle while sudoriferous glands exit directly through the surface of the skin.
What is herpes simplex or a cold sore?
blister formed on the lips usually caused by a virus, especially when stressed, sun or wind burned
What type of epithelial tissue makes up the mucosa that lines the trachea?
Identify what areas of the skin consist of five layers of cells instead of 4 layers and identify the layer the name of the extra layer that is present.
Thick skin found in the palm of your hands and soles of your feet contain a 5th layer of epidermis called the stratum lucidum.
Identify the location and the function of dermal papillae.
Dermal papillae are located in the the papillary dermis and are indentation of dense fibrous connective tissue that extend into the epidermis that cause fingerprints. Fingerprints allow for better gripping of materials.
Identify the location and function of sudoriferous glands.
What are three circulatory related skin conditions?
cyanosis, hematoma, and porphyria
Describe the serous membrane.
Serous membranes line body cavities and organs and consist of two membranes filled with serous fluid that helps reduce friction. The parietal membrane lines the body cavity and the visceral membrane is attached to the body organ. The
Identify the location and function of melanocytes.
Melanocytes are typically found in the stratum basale and are responsible for producing melanin that protects DNA from UV radiation.
To what layer of cells do capillary loops provide oxygen and nutrients to?
Basal epidermal cells
What are exocrine glands?
Exocrine glands include sebaceous glands and sweat glands
What are three types of skin cancer in order of less serious to most serious
Ex: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma
name the serous membrane that lines the lungs and the membrane that lines the heart
The plura and the pericardium
Identify the 5 layers of the epidermis from most superficial to deep and describe each layer.
The epidermis consists of:
1.) stratum corneum (20-30 layers of stratified squamous cells that have filled with keratin and are dead.)
2.) stratum lucidum (only present in think skin)
3.) stratum granulosum (1st layer where cells are no longer alive - filled with keratin - called keratinocytes)
4.) stratum spinosum (cells are starting to fill with keratin but are still alive and undergoing mitosis)
5.) stratum basale (cells under go a high rate of mitosis)
Compare and contrast Meisner's corpuscles and Pacininian corpuscles.
Meisner's corpuscles and Pacinian corpuscles are both sensory receptors found in the dermis. Meisner's corpuscles are found in the dermal papillae and detect touch while Pacinian corpuscles are located in the reticular dermis and detect pressure.
Compare and contrast eccrine and aprocrine glands.
Eccrine and apocrine glands are both found in the reticular dermis and are sudoriferous glands. Ecrine glands cover the majority of the body and open directly to the skin, produce watery sweat, and are responsible for regulating body temperature. Apocrine glands are associated with hair follicles found on the scalp, armpit, and groin their function is unknown. Apocrine glands produce sweat that contains fats that bacteria feed on that results in body odor.
Explain the ABCDE of skin cancer
asymmetry, irregular borders, change in color, diameter larger than an eraser, and evolving (changing in size, color)