The science of anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis is triggered when allergens cross‐link IgE bound to high‐affinity receptors on these cells.
What are mast cells?
An elevated serum level of this enzyme, released from activated mast cells, serves as a biochemical marker for recent anaphylactic events.
What is tryptase?
This term describes the inadvertent presence of allergens in foods, often due to shared production facilities.
What is cross-contamination?
In the acute setting, this intramuscular route is the preferred method for administering epinephrine in anaphylaxis.
What is the anterolateral thigh?
This antibody plays a central role in mediating the immediate hypersensitivity reactions seen in anaphylaxis.
What is IgE?
This atypical presentation of anaphylaxis, characterized by a transient improvement followed by a secondary decline, is referred to as this phenomenon.
What is biphasic anaphylaxis?
When a patient on beta-blockers presents with refractory anaphylaxis, this agent can be used to overcome the beta-adrenergic blockade
What is glucagon?
This long-running animated series is well known for its satirical take on everyday issues—including exaggerated portrayals of food allergies and allergic reactions.
What is The Simpsons?
The process in which mast cells release histamine and other mediators during an anaphylactic reaction is known as this.
What is degranulation?
When evaluating anaphylaxis, a detailed patient history often reveals exposure to a specific allergen, a key element in this diagnostic approach.
What is the challenge test?
When testing for hidden allergens, this immunoassay technique is commonly employed for its sensitivity in detecting even minute protein traces.
What is the ELISA?
This lipid mediator, derived from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway, contributes significantly to bronchoconstriction and vascular permeability.
What are leukotrienes?
In cases where clinical findings are ambiguous, this in vitro assay measuring basophil activation can help confirm an allergic trigger.
What is the basophil activation test?
A deficiency in this enzyme, responsible for degrading platelet-activating factor, has been correlated with increased anaphylaxis severity.
What is PAF acetylhydrolase?
Managing airway compromise in anaphylaxis may require advanced techniques; this procedure, performed emergently when intubation fails, is a last-resort lifesaving measure.
What is a cricothyrotomy?