neurovas.
what neuro. structures pass through the sciatic foramen?
sup. gluteal nerve
sciatic nerve
pudenal nerve
inf. gluteal nerve
what are the muscles that attach on the greater trochanter vs the lesser trochanter ?
What actions do they perform?
greater trochanter :
glute medius = abd, flex, and IR the hip
glute min = abd, flex, and IR the hip
piriformis = ER + abduct the hip when flexed
sup and inf gemellus = ER the hip
obturator internus = ER the hip
(Crest) = obt. externus + quadratis femoris
lesser trochanter:
iliacus = flex the hip and trunk
psoas major = flex the hip and trunk
the integrity of one's arch height depends on this ligament along with its corresponding ligaments to support the mid tarsal joint
spring ligament = plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
long plantar
short plantar
the saphenous nerve covers a SMALL portion of the _____ side of the plantar foot while the sural (just sensory nerve of the common fibular and tibial nerve combined) is at the ____ side of the plantar foot.
saphenous located at the medial side
sural located at the lateral side
what is the autonomic nervous system responsible for? whats the difference btw Afferent and Efferent viscera?
involuntary actions ex) blinking, breathing, digesting, etc.
Afferent = from the viscera going to involuntary functions (heart to beat, organs to digest etc.)
Efferent = from motor (mm) going to viscera (cardiac mm, glands, etc)
the inguinal ligament is a transitionary mark that turns the _____ artery into the _____ artery
external iliac, femoral
what is the difference between the pelvic floor and the pelvic diaphragm?
pelvic floor = broad term for general area including muscles, organs, and supporting structures
pelvic diaphragm = just muscles and fascia
this ligament helps generate a force lever at the knee and cause functional overlengthening of the quads when patella used to be surgically removed
quadricep tendon transitioning to patellar tendon
the deep layer of the foot follows a similar rule to the deep layer of the hand - how are they the same? how are they different?
PAD and DAB
in the foot =
- PLANTAR interossei ADDuct toes 3-5 towards the 2 toe while DORSAL interossei ABDuct toes 2-4 away
in the hand =
- PALMER interossei ADDuct the digits all digits toward the 3rd digit while DORSAL interossei ABDuct the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th finger away
what is the difference between a dermatome map and a peripheral nerve map?
dermatome gives us a more general area of possible nerve activity wile peripheral nerve maps give us a more specific localization of specific nerves.
dermatomes can give us a root cause of an spinal related injury while peripheral nerve maps can give us a more specific nerve in mind.
this vein courses through the medial aspect of the lower limb, may cause ulcers around the medial malleolus during chronic insufficiency and is a common area for Coronary Artery Bypass Grating (CABG)
great saphenous vein
Your patient has a compressive nerve lesion to the nerve that courses close to the ASIS, under the inguinal ligament. Her C/C of numbness at the upper lateral thigh TFL area & suspecting weakness in her IT band... What nerve is this and how can we re-educate her suspicions?
Lateral Femoral Cutaneous nerve
the IT band is a thickening of connective tissue so it does not act as a muscle or gets innervated by nerves such as muscles
injuries to this ligament is often the main cause of a patellar dislocation and courses with the vastus medialis oblique fibers
MPFL = medial patellofemoral ligament
resist lateral translation of the patella
this muscles is located posterior to the popliteal fossa, originates at the lateral supracondylar line of the femur and inserts at the calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon actions: 'weak' PF and knee flexion
what's the name of the muscles and what nerve innervates it?
plantaris innervated by Tibial nerve
L4, L5, S1
These receptors come from the cell bodies in the posterior horn and send messages to the ______. Nerves from this horn focus on ______.
Central nervous system (brain stem and spinal chord) and spinal nerves focus on sensory
Afferent somatic receptors from the skin(periphery) going to the CNS
Efferent are from the ant horn sending messages from the CNS to the periphery - focus on motor
this nerve comes from the root L2-L4 and inserts at the medial surface of the greater trochanter to help laterally rotate the hip
obturator nerve innervating the obturator internus muscle
Your patient has a severe lesion to the sciatic nerve as it courses under the piriformis, affecting all of its innervation distal to the lesion. What action will they have the most difficulty with ?
Ankle DF
this nerve splits between the flexor retinaculum to make the medial and lateral plantar nerves and has a sensory portion that is located between the gastroc and calcaneus area
the tibial nerve -> sural nerve (only sensory) made by the tibial and common fibular nerve
what are the joints of the ankle and what motions does it primarily do? (3)
subtalar = IV + EV and Adduction + abduction
talocrural = make ankle joint that performs DF + PF
transverse/ mid tarsal = made of 2 joints making a horizontal line (talonavicular + calcaneocuboid) gliding motions such as adduction/abduction, IV + EV, and DF + PF
this structures in the brain amplifies tone (focused on in FEE) and releases hormones
diencephalon
the terminal cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve accompanies the femoral artery an vein through the adductor canal
saphenous nerve
what muscles make up the pes anserine? What muscle is in the pes anserine AND a boarder of the femoral triangle?
pes anserine = SGT
sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus
sartorius is in both
how are the compartments of the thigh different from the compartments of the lower leg? what nerves each compartment of the lower leg?
The lower leg does not have a medial compartment
ant = deep fibular nerve
post = tibial nerve
lateral =superficial fibular nerve
muscles at each layer of the foot (4 layers)
1. superficial
adductor hallicus, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi
2. deep
quadratus plantae + 4 lumbricals
3. deeper
flexor hallicus brevis, flexor digit minimi, adductor hallicus
4. deepest
dorsal and plantar interossei (7)
the brain stem is made up of what three structures? what are most important about these structures?
midbrain = upper most part of the involved in motor coordination
pons = middle part focusing on communication between the cerebrum and cerebellum for motor control
medulla oblongata = lower most part focusing on controlling HR, RR, and BP