Diabetic complications
How is insulin applied?
subcutaneously
Name the function of thyroxine.
It influences physical growth, development and mental activity.
Characterize the role of calcitonin.
It regulates the level of blood calcium.
Name 3 types of DM.
1, 2, gestational
Name the ways how people can administer insulin.
insulin pen, insulin pump, insulin syringe
What is the role of SMBG?
The goal of SMBG is to collect detailed information about blood glucose levels.
Characterize the thyroid gland.
The thyroid gland consists of two lobes in the anterior portion of neck. It produces two hormones.
Say which hormone regulates thyroid gland.
TSH
What is glycemia?
the presence of glucose in blood
Compare DM type 1 and 2 considering age.
1. children, teens
2. adults after 45
Say why it is important to alternate injection sites.
Repeated administration decreases absorbtion of insulin.
Name 2 therapies for thyroid diseases.
USG, thyroid scintigraphy, level of hormones, computed tomography, thyroid biopsy
Name which body organs and systems are affected by the hormone thyroxine.
skin, hair, cardiovascular system, CNS, muscles, adipose tissue, digestive system
Compare what happens with insulin in DM 1 and 2.
1. does not produce insulin
2. insulin resistance
Name 4 symptoms of hypoglycemia.
pallor, hunger, irritability, lack of coordination, sweating, sleepiness
Name 3 microvascular complications of DM.
diabetic eye disease (retinopathy), diabetic neuropathy, renal disease, foot problems
Name 2 types of treatment of hypothyreodism.
substitution therapy, diet reduction
Name 2 types of treatment for hyperthyreodism.
goitrectomy, thyrostatic treatment, nutritional diet
Compare the causes of DM 1 and 2.
1 - autoimmune response, genetics
2 - unhealthy diet, overweight or obese, not exercising enough
Name 5 symptoms of hyperglycemia.
dry mouth, weakness, blurry vision, frequent urination, headache, increased thirst
Name 3 macrovascular complications of DM.
stroke, peripheral arterial disease, foot problems, heart disease and hypertension
Name 5 symptoms of hyperthyreodism.
goiter, hunger, weight loss, bulging eyes, hair loss, increased palpitations, hand tremors, breathing problems, mood swings, intolerance to heat, diarrhea, fine hair, hypertension
Name 5 symptoms of hypothyreodism.
enlarged thyroid, chills, puffy face and eyes, swollen legs – arms, drowsiness, dry and coarse skin, cold feeling, delayed development of brain, big tongue, slow speech, constipation
Explain the exocrine and endocrine function of the pancreas.
As a part of the digestive system, it secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum through the pancreatic duct. As an endocrine gland, it functions mostly to regulate blood sugar levels.
Name 3 hormones secreted by pancreas.
insulin, glucagon and somatostatin