Foot
Hip
Knee
Ankle
ALL
100

Dorsal Interossei

ORGINS: 4 bipennate muscles from adjacent sides of MT shafts, then forming a central tendon.

RUNS: Distally 

INSERTION: Each muscle attaches to the side of the proximal phalanx and the MTP capsule

ACTION: Abducts MTP joints of 2-4 toes, flexes MTP together with plantar interossei.

NERVE: Lateral plantar nerve L4-S3

100

Gluteus Maximus

Origin: 

Gluteal surface of ilium, posterior border of ilium and adjacent iliac crest, Sacrum & Coccyx, Sacrotuberous ligament, Fascia overlying glute med

Runs: Down and lateral

Insertion: 3/4 insert into fascia Lata, 1/4 insert into gluteal tuberosity (posterior femur) via an aponeurosis

Action: Hip extension, Hip abduction (upper fibres), Hip adduction (Lower fibers)

Nerve: Inferior gluteal nerve L5-S2

100

Semitendinosus

ORIGIN: Lower medial facet of ischial tuberosity

RUNS: Down and medial

INSERTION: Pes anserine (insertion medial tibia )

ACTION: Hip extension, Knee flexion, knee medial rotation

NERVE: Tibial division of sciatic L4-S3

100

Plantaris

ORIGIN: Lateral supracondylar ridge, adjacent popliteal surface of femur, knee joint capsule

RUNS: obliquely down

INSERTION: medial surface of posterior calcaneum via medial side of achilles tendon

ACTION: Plantar flexion

-weak knee flexion

NERVE: Tibial nerve L4-S3

100

Adductor longus

ORIGIN: Via short tendon from anterior aspect of pubis

RUNS: Down and lateral

INSERTION: Middle 2/4 of linea aspera

ACTION: Hip adduction, hip flexion (from extension)

Nerve supply: Obturator nerve L2-4 

200

Plantar Interossei

ORGIN: 3 unipennate muscles, from plantar medial side of medial side of 3,4,5 MT shafts

RUNS: Distally

INSERTION: Medial side of base of proximal phalanges of 3,4,5 toes


200

Tensor Fascia Lata (TFL)

Origins: Outer lip of iliac crest: ASIS to iliac tubercle

Runs: Down

Insertion: Below greater trochanter between 2 layers of Ilio-tibial tract

Action: Hip Abduction,Hip internal rotation, Hip flexion

Nerve: Superior Gluteal nerve L4-S1

200

Rectus Femoris

ORGIN: Straight head: AIIS, Reflected head: Groove above acetabulum

RUNS: Down

INSERTION: Patella via quad tendon, tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon

ACTION: Knee extension, Hip flexion

NERVE: Femoral nerve L2-4

200

Tibialis Posterior

ORIGIN: Postierior aspect of interosseous membrane, superior 2/3 of medial posterior surface of fibula, upper 1/2 of lateral aspect of posterior surface of tibia, fascia

RUNS: Down

INSERTION: Tenson passes behind medial malleolus and under flexor retinaculum, principle attachment on tubercle of medial side of navicular and plantar surface of medial cuneiform, tendinous expansion passes to plantar surface of all Tarsal bones except talus, bases of 2-4 metatarsals.

ACTION: Inversion, plantar flexion

NERVE: Tibial nerve L4-S3


200

Psoas Major

ORIGIN: Transverse processes, bodies and discs of T12-L5

RUNS: Down, forward, latteral

INSERTION: Lesser trochanter

ACTION: Hip Flexion, anterior pelvic tilt, lumbar flexion

NERVE: Ventral Rami L1-3

300

Flexor Accessorius

ORGIN: 2 heads from medial and lateral tubercles of calcareous, adjacent long plantar ligament

RUNS: Distally

INSERTION: 2 heads merge to create a flattened muscular band, inserts into tendon of flexor digitorum longus in the mid sole of the foot

ACTION:Aids in flexion of all joints of lateral 4 toes.

NERVE:Lateral plantar nerve L4-S3

300

Gluteus Medius

Origins: Superior gluteal surface between anterior and posterior gluteal lines

Runs: Down and lateral

Insertion:Via tendon on upper lateral greater trochanter (roughened area)

*Presence of trochanteric bursa separating tendon from greater trochanter

Action: Hip abduction, Hip Internal Rotation

Nerve: Superior Gluteal nerve L4-S1

300

Vastus Medialis

ORGINS: Lower part of intertrochanteric line, medial lip of linea aspera, supracondylar ridge, anterior surface of intramuscular septum, tendon of adductor Magnus

RUNS: Down and horizontally

INSERTION: Patella via quad tendon, tibial tuberosity, Medial border of patella and front of tibia

ACTION: Knee extension

NERVE: Femoral nerve L2-4

300

Flexor digitorum longus

Origin: Medial part of the posterior surface of tibia

RUNS: Down

INSERTION: Deep to flexor retinaculum, crosses tendon of flexor hallucinations longs, splits into 4 tendons along sole of foot, inserts into plantar surface of bases 2-5th distal phalanges.

ACTION: Flexes toes 2-5, aids ankle plantar flexion

NERVE: Tibial nerve L4-S3

300

Pectineus

ORGIN: Superior pubic ramus, iliopubic eminence, pubic tubercle

RUNS: Down, lateral, posterior

INSERTION: Pectineal line on femur

ACTION:Hip flexion, Hip adduction

NERVE: Femoral L2-4, Obturator L2-4

400

Peroneus Tertius

ORGIN: Front of the lower 1/4 fibula, anterior intramuscular septum and adjoining fascia

RUNS:Down

INSERTION: Passes deep to extensor retinacula, medial and dorsal aspect of the base of the 5th MTP

ACTION: Dorsiflexion and weak eversion

NERVE: Deep perineal nerve L4-S2

400

Adductor Brevis

Origin: Inferior pubic ramus, Front of the body of the pubis

Runs: Down and lateral

Insertion: Upper ½ of linea aspera, Lower part of pectineal line

Action: Hip Adduction

Nerve: Obturator nerve L2-4


400

Gastrocnemius

ORGINS: Medial head: facet on posterior aspect of medial femoral condyle and adductor tubercle. Lateral head: lateral femoral condyle above epicondyle 

RUNS: Down

INSERTION: Posterior calcaneum via achilles tendon

ACTION: Knee flexion, plantar flexion

NERVE: Tibial nerve L4-S3

400

Tibialis Anterior

ORGIN: Upper 2/3 lateral surface of tibia, joining interosseous membrane.

RUNS: Down and medial

INSERTION: Runs over anterior aspect of ankle joint under extensor retinacula (superior and inferior), inserts into medial aspect of medial cuneiform and base of 1st MT.

ACTION: Dorsiflexion, Inversion

NERVE: Deep perineal L4-S2

400

Obturator interns

ORGIN: Internal surface of obturator foramen and membrane

RUNS: Backwards and lateral through lesser sciatic notch

INSERTION: Greater trochanter (medial side)

ACTION: External rotation of hip, Hip Abduction

NERVE: Nerve to obturator internus L5-S2


500

Soleus

ORIGIN: Deep to gastroc, posterior upper 1/3 of shaft of fibula, head of fibula, fibrous arch between tibia and fibula, sole line posterior surface of tibia.

RUNS: Down 

INSERTION: Posterior surface of calcareous via achilles tendon

ACTION: Plantar flexion

NERVE: Tibial nerve L4-S3

500

Adductor Magnus

Origin: Hamstring part: inferior surface of ischial tuberosity

Adductor part: Ischiopubic ramus

RUNS: Down, lateral

Insertion: whole lines aspera, Medial supracondylar ridge, adductor tubercle

Action: Hip adduction, Hip extension

Nerve: Hamstring part: tibial division of sciatic L4-S3

Adductor part: Obturator nerve L2-4

500
Popliteus

ORGIN: Outer surface of lateral condyle on femur

RUNS:Obliquely down & medially, across posterior aspect of knee

INSERTION: posterior aspect of medial condyle of tibia, above soleal line

ACTION:Medial rotation of tibia, unlocks knee, allowing it to flex, may assist with knee flexion

NERVE: Tibial neve L4-S3

500

Lumbricals

ORGIN: Medial 1 (unipennate)- from medial side of FDL tendon to 2nd toe. Lateral 3 (bipinnate)- each muscle from adjacent sides of 2 FDL tendons.

RUNS: Distally

INSERTION: Each muscle winds obliquely upwards, attaching to medial side of the extensor hood and base of proximal phalanx.

ACTION: Flex MTP joints, extend IP joints

NERVE: Unipennate 1st MT = medial plantar nerve L4-S3, Bipennate lateral 3= lateral plantar nerve L4-S3

500

Piriformis

ORGIN: Sacral segments 2-4, gluteal surface of ilium, sacrotuberous ligament

RUNS: Down, forward and lateral

INSERTION: Via tendon to medial aspect of greater trochanter

ACTION: Lateral rotation of hip, Hip Abduction of flexed hip, helps too hold head of femur in acetabulum

NERVE: Ventral rami L5-S2