Respiration
Name the skeletal boundaries of respiratory framework (anterior, posterior, superior, lateral)
Anterior: sternum
Posterior: spine
Superior: pectoral girdle
Lateral: ribs
Name the 3 cartilages important for speech
thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid
What does the vocal tract include?
oral, nasal and pharyngeal cavities
What is the opposite orientation of medial?
Lateral (away from midline/axis of body)
Name this volume: amount of air normally inhaled/exhaled in one passive respiratory cycle
Tidal volume
What is/are the primary muscle(s) for passive respiration?
Diaphragm
Name the adductors.
transverse interarytenoids, obliques interarytenoids, lateral cricoarytenoids
Define the parameters of articulation for nasals (manner of articulation)
velum lowers to allow air to resonate in both oral and nasal cavities
Name the 3 types of muscles
striated/skeletal, smooth, and cardiac
How are the vertebrae divided?
Cervical (7), Thoracic (12), and Lumbar (5)
What is the purpose of the pleura?
BONUS +100: What is the fluid that lubercates the lungs?
1. Friction free gliding of lungs expanding and contracting
2. protection (air tight separation)
BONUS: surfactant
Name the 3 phases of phonation
1. onset: prephonation and attack phase
2. sustained phonation
3. termination of phonation
define linguadental/interdental sounds
tongue is in between teeth for place of articulation
Name the 4 types of tissues
BONUS +100 each: give an example of each type of tissue
epithelial: skin, mucous membranes, and linings of body cavities
connective: adipose, fascia, tendons, ligaments, joints, cartilage, bone
Muscle: striated/skeletal, cardiac, smooth
Nervous: neurons, glial cells
Name this law: as volume increase, pressure decreases and as volume decrease, pressure increases
Boyle's Law
Name the volumes that make up functional residual capacity.
BONUS +100: what is functional residual capacity the same as?
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) + Residual Volume (RV)
BONUS: resting lung volume
Name the tensors.
BONUS +100: What do tensors do the vocal folds?
circothyroid and thyroarytenoid vocalis
BONUS: make vocal folds longer and more tense; vocal folds vibrate faster which increases pitch
What is the biological and speech functions of the articulation system?
BIOLOGICAL: entry point of digestive and respiratory system
SPEECH: shaping buzz from larynx into meaningful speech
Fill in the blank: my hard palate is ______ to my tongue
superior
What kind of tissue is blood?
Connective
List the steps for forced expiration.
1. accessory muscles of exhalation are recruited
2. muscles in abdomen push up on thorax
3. lung volume decreases
4. lung pressure increases
5. more air is expelled
List the steps for increasing pitch.
1. contract tensors
2. increase length of vocal folds
3. decrease mass per square inch
4. increase vibratory rate
5. perceived as a higher pitch
Describe the position of the VFs, velum, and relevant articulators for /v/
/v/: voiced, labiodental, fricative
VFs are vibrating, velum is raised to block off nasal cavity, the upper teeth and lower lip meet and air hisses through a narrow constriction
What is created when two tissue types combine?
BONUS +100: What has to combine to create a system?
Organ
BONUS: 2 or more organ have to combine to create a system
Name the 3 parts of the sternum.
manubrium, body, xiphoid process