identify parts of the heart
name the valves in order starting at the right ventricle ending at the left ventricle
tricuspid, pulmonary, aortic, bicuspid
what's the difference between the systolic and diastolic measurements when you take someone's blood pressure
systolic pressure is the measurement of the amount of pressure in your arteries during the contraction of the heart, and diastolic pressure is the measurement of the pressure in the arteries when the heart rests between beats.
what are the three different types of blood cells (along with their scientific names) and their functions
red blood cells(erythrocytes)- carry oxygen to other cells of the body
white blood cells(leukocytes)- fight infection from bacteria
platelets(thrombocytes)- plug holes in vessel walls when an injury occurs
In regards to the platelet stage, explain how a platelet plug forms, and what causes it to form.
A platelet plug forms when collagen fibers under broken vessels are exposed (a cut). Platelets within the blood become "sticky", and they start to cling to the damaged area of the blood vessel. Releasing chemicals, they enhance the vascular spasms(first stage), attracting more platelets to the site.
Distinguish between a thrombus and an embolus
A thrombus is a clot in an unbroken vessel(unwanted blood clot) where an embolism is once that clot broke away and is now moving through the vessel
what is the tip of the heart called
apex
is blood pressure measured in the arteries, veins, or capillaries?
arteries
who can type o+ receive blood from?
o+ and o-
What causes a vascular spasm?
Vasoconstriction occurs when a blood vessel is injured; causing spasms. Spasms narrow the blood vessel, decreasing blood loss until clotting can occur.
define hematopoiesis and where it occurs
production of red, white, and platelet blood cells and it occurs in bone marrow, liver, and spleen
what is the difference between the interventricular septum and sulcus
the septum is located inside the heart whereas the sulcus is located on the exterior of the heart
explain ways to increase and decrease your blood pressure
increase- stress, bad eating habits(a diet high on fat, salt, or cholesterol), smoking, genetics, old age, a lack of physical activity, etc.
decrease- exercise, decrease stress, eating healthier, etc.
Who can A+ give blood to
A+ and AB+
What factors are needed to form thrombin? What does thrombin attatch to after it's formed, and what do they form into?
Tissue factor and platelet factor 3 are needed to form thrombin. Thrombin then attatches to fibrinogen proteins, forming hairlike molecules called fibrin.
which side of the heart muscle is thicker and why?
the left ventricle is thicker because it needs more muscle to pump blood throughout your whole body
where do the pulmonary arteries lead to
the right and left lungs
Determine the function of capillaries
they form a connection between vessels and help to exchange nutrients between the blood and tissue cells.
Who can AB+ give to?
AB+ only
Define what a thrombus and embolus is. How are they different?
A thrombus is a clot that develops and persists in an unbroken vessel. An embolus is when a thromubs breaks away from the vessel wall and floats freely in the bloodstream. A thrombus can prevent blood from flowing to cells beyond it's blockage if they are big enough, and an emobolus doesn't cause a problem unless it get's stuck in a blood vessel too narrow for it to pass through.
what is the purpose of the pulmonary valve
the pulmonary valve pumps blood to your lungs
where does blood have to travel through in order to reach the right atrium
superior vena cava
Compare/contrast arteries and veins
arteries carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart and have thicker walls.
Veins carry blood that is low in oxygen towards the heart and have much thinner walls. They also have valves that prevent blood from traveling backward
both are vessels that transport blood with the same structure(inner lining is the endothelium, which is surrounded bu subendothelial connective tissue)
Who can B- give to?
B-, B+, AB-, AB+
what are purkinje fibers
play a major role in electrical conduction in the heart and are a network of fivers that receive conductive signals