Arthroscopic anatomy
The anteriomedial portal is placed between which tendon and which vascular structure
Tibialis anterior tendon, great saphenous vein
If Dorsalis pedis does not exist from the anterior tibial artery (Occurs in 5% of feet), what supplies the place of dorsalis pedis
perforating branch of the peroneal artery
This bone is named after a popular type of seed
Sesamoid
(Sesame)
Bonus: Which sesamoid bone is typically larger?
True or False
Age is a statistically significant factor in reducing one vessel's ability to perfuse the entire foot through surrounding vessels
True
Which of the following is not a "standard portal" for ankle arthroscopy
-Accessory anteromedial
-Posterolateral
-Anteromedial
-Posteromedial
Posteromedial
An accessory anterior portal can be used between the extensor hallucis longus and tibialis anterior tendons
Which plantar artery is larger
Lateral plantar
Coalition is the union of two or more bony elements
Name the three types and their names
Syndesmosis: fibrous
Synchondrosis: Cartilaginous
Synostosis: Osseous
a tendinous slip originating from the extensor hallucis longus tendon, medially, just distal to the inferior extensor retinaculum and inserting into the capsule of the first metatarsophalangeal joint occuring in up to 86% of people
extensor hallucis capsularis
A "hot spot" is the opposite of a "dead spot" meaning an area has reliable perforators. Name at least one hot spot in the dorsal foot
Proximal lateral foot over edb, distal medial lis franc near dorsal first metatarsal artery
The posterior lateral portal is just lateral to
The __ artery originates from the dorsalis pedis usually at the level of the first tarsometatarsal joint; it crosses the base of the second, third, and fourth metatarsals almost transversely and provides the dorsal metatarsal arteries 2, 3, and 4
arcuate
This bone is known for cortical thickness
The diameter of the canal is as follows:
Dorsoplantar canal diameter: 4.59 mm Mediolateral canal diameter: 5.88 mm
5th metatarsal
Typically the flexor digitorum brevis has how many slips
4
Which three arteries supply the soleus muscle?
(One is popliteal)
Popliteal, peroneal, posterior tibial
The ankle joint line is __ cm from the distal tip of the medial malleolus and __ cm from the distal tip of the lateral malleolus. (must be exact)
1
2
The anterior medial malleolar artery and anteior lateral malleolar artery originate from the _____ artery just below the ankle joint
Dorsalis pedis
The average length of the calcaneus is ____mm (must be within 5mm)
75mm
usually takes origin from the lower one-third portion of the peroneus brevis and inserts into the peroneal tubercle of the calcaneus
Peroneus Quartus
When an adjacent angiosome becomes ischemic, a pressure gradient develops and flow is diverted via ____ into the ischemic territory. Over time, these vessels dilate and are termed “collaterals.”
Choke vessels
This groove can be visualized in the medial tibial plafond which allows posterior passage with arthroscopic instrumentation and thus visualization posteriorly
Groove of Harty
Lateral plantar artery
Angle created between the long axis of the talus and calcaneus from a dorsal to plantar view is ___ degrees
30-35
Bonus: Name this angle for 300 points
The flexor hallucis brevis has a Y-shaped fibrotendinous origin. The medial arm of the Y originates from the metatarsal component of the
tibialis posterior tendon
In this procedure, an incision is made on one side of an angiosome, rendering the skin mildly ischemic. The de- creased flow causes a drop in pressure within that angiosome and allows the arterial and venous choke vessels to open over a 2- to 3-week period. After this time, flow between adjacent angiosomes is robust because of the maturation of the choke vessels and is based entirely on one angiosome,
The "Delay Phenomenon"