I need a tissue:
cells
cells
True or False: The ventral cavity is subdivided into two cavities.
What is false?
The ventral cavity has three cavities (thoracic, abdominal, pelvic).
True or False: Osteoarthritis is an autoimmune inflammatory disease that degrades cartilage and disfigures joints.
What is False?
Rheumatoid arthritis
True or False: Resistance exercise (i.e. weight lifting) creates bodily adaptations such as increased mitochondria, capillaries, and myoglobin
What is false?
Aerobic exercise (i.e. endurance running)
True or false: The reticular formation has to do with determining a person’s alertness and consciousness.
What is true?
Contains the reticular activating system
True or false: The sympathetic nervous system causes bronchodilation and vasoconstriction.
What is true?
These are four of the main functions of epithelial tissue.
What are protection, secretion, absorption, filtration, excretion, and sensory reception?
This is a type of burn where blisters appear on the skin.
What is a second degree burn?
This is the smallest functional unit of skeletal muscle.
What is a sarcomere?
True or false: Wernicke’s area is responsible for speech production. (T/F)
What is false?
Broca’s area (Wernicke's function is speech comprehension)
This unencapsulated sensory receptor is located in the basal layer of the epidermis.
What are modified free nerve endings OR tactile (Merkel) discs?
These are two categories of connective tissue proper and their subcategories.
What are Loose Connective Tissue (areolar, adipose, reticular) and Dense Connective Tissue (regular, irregular, elastic)?
Name THREE functions of the dermis/hypodermis.
Absorb shock; defense when force is applied
Protection (support for epidermis); coarse dense collagen fiber bundles
Feed epidermis; cutaneous plexus
Immune cells; defense when skin is broken
Regulation of body temperature; vasoconstriction/vasodilation
Body volume reservoir; water
Store energy; adipose tissue/fat
Vitamin D synthesis
This is the amount of oxygen required to complete the recovery from fatigue. How does the body compensate in the meantime?
What is oxygen debt compensated by deep breathing?
A patient having a right-sided stroke will experience weakness on this side of their body.
What is the left side?
These are the three anatomical components of signal transmission in the retina.
What are photoreceptor cells, bipolar cells, and ganglion cells?
This is the definition of primary active transport. Also, give an example.
What is the transport of solutes across the membrane, against their concentration gradient, by a transport protein using ATP energy?
What is a sodium-potassium pump?
This skin cancer is the most likely to metastasize. What is the mnemonic for its detection?
What is melanoma detected with the ABCD rule? (asymmetry, irregular border, several colors, diameter > 6mm)
Slow oxidative fibers are this color. Why?
What is red because of its high myoglobin content? (aerobic, requires oxygen)
This nerve signal is a local depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane.
What is Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential (EPSP)?
Explain why we get dizzy after spinning around in circles.
What is fluid in the ampullary cupula that continues to move in the direction of rotation, bending the cupula, until it eventually slows and stops.
This is the definition AND one example of homeostasis.
What is the maintenance of relatively constant internal conditions despite continuous changes in the environment; a state of dynamic equilibrium?
What is regulation of body temperature, hormone regulation, or blood volume regulation?
Explain the steps of the bone healing process.
Hematoma forms; damage to blood vessels.
Fibrocartilaginous callus forms; fibroblasts secrete collagen to connect broken pieces; bone reconstruction begins.
Bony callus forms; spongy/trabeculae forms over collagen.
Bone remodeling occurs; compact bone is formed; excess callus is removed.
Describe the steps of excitation-contraction coupling.
Action potential travels across the sarcolemma
AP travels down along T tubules
Sarcoplasmic reticulum releases Ca2+
Calcium binds to troponin; removing blocking tropomyosin head
Contraction; myosin binds to actin and forms cross bridges
DAILY DOUBLE: THIS IS THE MOST IMPORTANT INHIBITORY NEUROTRANSMITTER IN THE SPINAL CORD.
What is GABA, an amino acid?
A patient takes bethanechol to treat their urinary retention (difficulty urinating). This is the mechanism of action of this parasympathomimetic/muscarinic agent.
What is activation of the PNS leading to bladder contraction/micturition reflex?