1.ventilation: movement of air into the lungs
2.external respiration: gas exchange between the blood and air
3.Gas transport in the blood
4.Internal respiration: gas exchange between the blood and body cells.
100
What is the difference between veins and arteries?
Veins carry blood to the heart and arteries carry blood away from the heart.
100
List the three out of five types of pathogens and an example of each.
Answers may vary.
Bacteria- e. Coli
Virus- influenza
Protozoa/parasites- malaria/ ringworm
Fungi- athlete's foot
Algae- Cyanobacteria
100
Name five parts in digestive system.
Answers may vary
200
Name the four chambers of the heart
ventricles and atriums (right and left)
200
what transports electrolytes, nutrients, gases, vitamins, and plasma proteins (blood)?
Plasma
200
What is difference between the small and large intestines?
Small intestine is responsible for chemical digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, proteins, and vitaminB12. The large intestine desiccates the stool. They are both part of the digestive system.
200
List two out of the eight of the endocrine disorders and name which gland is responsible.
Bones of the limbs and limb girdles that are attached to the axial skeleton.
300
What organ in the digestive system is responsible for mechanical breakdown of food and proteins?
Stomach
300
After food is broken down in the mouth, where does it go and what organ takes it there?
It goes to the stomach and the organ that takes it there is the esophagus.
300
What is the difference between general and special senses?
General senses are found throughout the body while special senses are found in one particular area on the body. They both are part of the sensory system.
300
What respiratory disease has these symptoms: coughing, rapid and shallow breathing, wheezing, difficulty breathing, rapid heart rate?
Asthma
300
What is exocrine?
secretions discharged to the surface of the epithelium.
400
Name two accessories organs of the digestive system.
Liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and salivary glands
400
What transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs? What carries oxygenated blood back to the heart?
Pulmonary artery and pulmonary veins.
400
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fat?
Saturated fat is solid at room temperature and all carbon atoms have all the hydrogen atoms that they can hold. Unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature and they do not have all the hydrogen that they can hold. They are both types of fat.
400
Name three disorders of the senses.
Going blind, deaf, losing your sense of smell, etc.
400
What is bronchi?
The passages that branch from the trachea and direct air into the lungs.
500
Name the organs that are responsible for your five specialized senses.
Eyes, nose, skin, ears, tongue.
500
What are the steps of immune response?
- antigens enter the bloodstream
- The macrophages eats and destroys parts of the antigen
- macrophage cell eats part of the antigen and presents rest of it and it becomes an antigen presenting cells.
- Antigen-presenting cell sends out signals (interleukin) to helper T cells because it tastes a foreign substance.
- Interleukin causes the attraction between antigen-presenting cells and helper T cells.
- When they bind, interleukin 2 is sent out; this activates killer cells and BCells
- Helper T cells produce antibodies
- Antibodies mark the antigens so that the killer T cells can go after the pathogens and kill them.
- Helper B cells become memory B cells
- Memory B cells remember the antigen and know what to do if they see it again.
- Memory B cells also remember how to kill the antigen for the next time they may see it.
- Regulatory/suppressor T cells help return the immune system to normality and peace.
500
What is the difference between antibodies and antigens?
What is the difference between antibodies and antigens?
Antigens are anything that induces an immune response. Antibodies are proteins that mark the pathogens. They are both parts of the immune response.
500
What is jaundice? Which organ is responsible for this? (Digestive system)
Jaundice is a medical condition with yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes. The liver is responsible for this condition.
500
Explain what rods in the eye are for.
Light-sensitive retinal receptor cells that are near the boundaries of the retina and function during nighttime or in dim conditions. Rods detect peripheral vision and shades of gray color.