ANS Anatomy
Most organs receive input from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, this is called what
Dual innervation
The somatic sensory pathways include the intralateral (spinofalimic) pathway and the trigeminalamic pathway, what is the third one
Posterior column medial lemniscus
In this process incoming sensory information is combined with other arising and previously stored information in the cerebral cortex, what is this process
Integration
This system maintains wakefulness or consciousness
RAS Reticular Activating System
Pregranglionic neurons for both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system release what neurotransmitter
Acetylcholine ACh
The inter lateral (spinothalamic) pathway for somatic sensation has first order neurons which synapse with second order neurons and decussate in this region before sending it to the thalamus is the spinothalamic (which region do they crossover in)
This is the conscious or subconscious awareness of external or internal environment
Sensation
The RAS (Reticular Activating System) lacks input from this sensory modality to
Olfaction
What are the two Cholinergic receptors
Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors
Preganglionic neuron cell bodies are located where
Central Nervous System
The major direct motor pathways include the Corticospinal pathways, the lateral, and anterior which control muscles to the limbs and trunk and this other pathway which conducts nerve impulses to the skeletal muscles in the head
Corticobulbar pathway
The ability of the brain to change, reorganize, and grow neural networks is
Plasticity
During this type of sleep dreams occur here and most somatic neurons are inhibited causing decrease in muscle tone or paralysis of skeletal muscles
REM
Postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system release what neurotransmitter
Norepinephrine
The indirect motor pathways are rising from the brainstem that include all somatic motor tracts other than the corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts are also called what
Extrapyramidal pathways
This sensory receptor perceives pain
Nociceptor
The adrenergic receptors are made of two alpha receptors (a1 & a2) and how many beta receptors
3 (b1 b2 b3)
What is the ability to fire new information or skill through instruction or experience
Learning
Postganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic nervous system release what neurotransmitter
Acetylcholine
First order neurons from the posterior column medial lemniscus pathway ascend via the posterior columns and synapse with second order neurons in this region where they decussate and enter the medial lemniscus to ascend to the thalamus to synapse with third order neurons
The medulla
Sensory receptors can be classified in three ways including the type of stimulus detected and the location of the receptor, what’s the third way
Microscopic structures
There are four cranial nerves associated with the parasympathetic nervous system including the ocular motor nerve, the facial nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, what is the fourth
Vagus nerve
Autonomic tone is regulated by this region of the brain
Hypothalamus