Composite Cell
What are the three major parts of a cell?
nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane.
In which organelle does cellular respiration and the production of ATP occur?
Mitochondria
What is the difference between active and passive transport?
Active transport requires ATP, passive transport doesn't.
What are the three phases within interphase?
G1, S, G2
Define semipermeable.
Allows some substances to pass through and not others.
What is the name of the organelle that aids protein synthesis by linking amino acids together?
Ribosomes
Active transport moves molecules from _____ concentration to ______ concentration.
Low, high
In which stage of mitosis do spindle fibers from centrioles attach to the centrosomes of chromosomes?
Metaphase
Explain the difference between cytoplasm and cytosol.
Cytosol + organelles = cytoplasm
What are lysosomes?
Membranous sacs that contain enzymes that digest cellular material.
What is the main difference between normal/simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?
Facilitated diffusion requires a protein.
Programmed cell death that is a normal part of development is called:
Apoptosis
When a cell becomes specialized in function.
Centrosomes are made of two centrioles. These centrioles play what role in mitosis?
Centrioles produce spindle fibers that pull chromosomes apart.
What is the difference between phagocytosis and pinocytosis?
Phagocytosis = movement of solids into cell.
Pinocytosis = movement of liquids into cell.
Explain the difference between a benign and malignant tumor.
Benign tumors remain in a local area and malignant tumors are invasive/cancerous.
What is the difference between a peripheral protein and an integral protein?
Peripheral proteins are only present on one side of the membrane while transverse membranes stretch all the way through the membrane.
Incorrectly folded protein can be traced back to which organelle?
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
What effect would a hypertonic solution have on a cell?
Cell will shrink.
How does the malfunctioning of oncogenes lead to cancer?
Oncogenes control the cell cycle. They can be overexpressed and cause uncontrolled cell division leading to cancer.