Intro to Anatomy
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology
anatomy = structure; physiology = function
What are the 2 main divisions of the nervous system?
Central and Peripheral
What is the name of the skeletal muscle group on the front of the thigh?
another name for the kneecap
patella
Name 2 functions of the skin
protection, sensation, temp regulation, vit D production, excretion
What is anatomical position?
Body is straight with feet slightly apart and thumbs pointed away from the body.
What are the organs in the CNS?
brain and spinal cord
What are two types of cellular respiration?
aerobic and anaerobic
What type of joint is the shoulder?
ball and socket
What are the 3 main layers of skin
epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
What joint is distal to the elbow
wrist
Name one type of nerve cell
neuron or neuroglia
Why are muscles stiff after death?
because Calcium ions overload the muscle fibers, causing many cross-bridges. These cross-bridges do not have ATP to detach, though, so they remain in a contracted state.
what is a comminuted fracture
break in the bone causing several fragments
The pigment in skin is called
melanin
explain the difference between anterior and posterior
anterior - front; posterior - back
What is a neurotransmitter?
chemical that carries the signal between neurons
When rowing, the trapezius contracts. What muscle would be an antagonist during this motion?
pectoralis
Name the 5 sections of the vertebral column.
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx
why are lines of cleavage important?
Cuts should be made parallel to the lines of cleavage for quicker healing and less scar tissue formation.
Name two organs in the thoracic cavity
heart, lungs
What is the difference between afferent and efferent neurons?
Afferent carry impulses toward the CNS, efferent carry impulses away from the CNS
What are 3 functions of the muscular system?
Produces movement, maintains posture, stabilizes joints, generates heat
Describe the difference between osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
osteoblasts build bone; osteoclasts break down bone
What are the two types of glands in the skin
sudoriferous (sweat) and sebaceous (oil)