cells/tissues
what is the function of the plasma membrane
to regulate what gets in and out of the cell
ligaments connect bone to _, and tendons connect bone to _
bone (ligaments), muscles (tendons)
name the five functions of the integumentary system
protection, body temperature regulation, sensation, excretion, vitamin D production
put the meninges and potential spaces in order from superficial to deep
epidural space, dura mater, subdural space, arachnoid mater, subarachnoid space, pia mater
the spinal cord is located within the _ and extends from the medulla oblongata to _
vertebral canal, L1-L2
classify this tissue: has 3 layers of cube shaped cells
stratified cuboidal epithelium
name the five functions of the skeletal system
support, protection, movement, storage, and blood cell production
place the layers of the epidermis in order from deep to superficial
stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum (Britney Spears Gives Lame Concerts)
name the four components of the Circle of Willis
anterior communicating artery, anterior cerebral arteries, posterior communicating arteries, posterior cerebral arteries
this is the collection of nerve roots that extend from the lumbar enlargement, also known as "horse tail"
cauda equina
name the functions of tight junctions and gap junctions
tight junctions: prevent substances from passing between cells
gap junctions: communication between cells
the ends of a long bone are known as this
epiphyses (joint surface)
name the three types of glands and their functions
sebaceous: secrete sebum which oils hair and lubricates skin, helps prevent water loss, and inhibits growth of certain bacteria
eccrine/merocrine: secrete sweat to aid in regulating body temperature, excrete nitrogenous waste
apocrine: secrete thick, sticky sweat into hair follicle that is decomposed by skin bacteria becoming odorous
what is the deepest groove of the brain
longitudinal fissure
what is the central canal filled with
CSF
regions of the CNS that consist of mainly myelinated axons are this color
white (white matter)
name the functions of osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts
osteoblasts: make bone
osteocytes: maintain bone
osteoclasts: breakdown bone
name the three types of muscle tissue, where it's found, and if it functions as voluntary or involuntary
skeletal: attached to bones, voluntary
cardiac: found in heart, involuntary
smooth: in walls of hollow organs and in skin, involuntary
name the four main parts of the brain and functions of each
cerebrum: voluntary motor movement, thinking, receive and interpret sensory information
diencephalon: thalamus (relays sensory impulses to cerebral cortex), hypothalamus (ANS control, pituitary gland control, feelings of pain, aggression, rage, and pleasure, thirst and hunger, body temperature), epithalamus (secretes melatonin)
brain stem: midbrain (relays motor and sensory impulses, hearing and visual reflexes), pons (relays information from cerebrum to cerebellum), medulla oblongata (regulates heartbeat, blood pressure, breathing, coughing, sneezing, vomiting, hiccupping)
cerebellum: regulated coordinated skeletal muscle movement, posture, balance
dorsal roots contain axons of _ neurons, while ventral roots contain axons of _ neurons
sensory (dorsal), motor (ventral)
the somatic nervous system has this type of function: _, while the autonomic nervous system has this type of function _
voluntary (SNS), involuntary (ANS)
name the three types of cartilage, which is most common, and one location of each
hyaline (most common): ends of long bones, ribs, growth plates, trachea, bronchi, nose, embryonic skeleton
fibrocartilage: pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs, labrum, menisci
elastic: epiglottis, external ear
one function of the muscle tissue is heat generation during this process
muscle contraction (shivering)
name the twelve pairs of cranial nerves and their function
CN I: olfactory, smell
CN II: optic, vision
CN III: oculomotor, eye movement
CN IV: trochlear, eye movement
CN V: trigeminal, mastication and facial sensation
CN VI: abducent, eye movement
CN VII: facial, facial expressions and taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue
CN VIII: vestibulocochlear, equilibrium and hearing
CN IX: glossopharyngeal, tase on posterior 1/3 of tongue, throat sensation, swallowing
CN X: vagus, throat sensation, swallowing, thorax/abdomen parasympathetic info
CN XI: accessory, shoulder shrug
CN XII: hypoglossal, tongue movement
where does the stretch reflex occur
elbow, wrist, ankle, knee joints