Respiration
A strike to this area of the torso will cause temporary breathing paralysis
What is solar plexus
True or false: the larynx is superior to the trachea
What is true
One is the voice source, the other is the voice filter
What is the vocal folds (vibration) are the voice source and the vocal tract is the voice filter
Name 3 reflexes infants have and then lose in typical development
What are sucking, startle, step, palmar grasp, planter grasp, rooting, moro, asymmetric tonic neck reflex, truck incurvation, landau reflex, parachute reflex, and positive support reflex
This is the muscle of respiration
What is the diaphragm
A person can relax the body and engage the parasympathetic nervous system using this technique
What is slow breathing/deep breathing/slow, deep breathing
The respiratory response to foreign objects and irritation
What is cough
Major contributor to speech production, modifies oral cavity, forms attachment point for the tongue and several other muscles, houses the lower teeth
What is the mandible
Infants are initially in a state of this
What is flexion
These two muscles are easily palpated and are used for mastication
What are the masseter and temporalis
This word describes lack of oxygen in the blood
What is anoxia (would also accept hypoxia)
This intrinsic laryngeal muscle is the abductor of the vocal folds
What is posterior cricoarytenoids
There are this many total bones of the skull and face - this many of the skull and this many of the face
What are 22 bones; 8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones
This has to be “in position” before an infant begins to speak
What are the hyoid and larynx
This muscle depresses the ribs during respiration
What are intercostals
This instrument is used to measure respiratory flow, volume, and capacity
What is a spirometer
These intrinsic laryngeal muscles are the adductors of the vocal folds
What are lateral, transverse, and oblique arytenoids
This can refer to micrognathia (small/retracted mandible/overbite), and this can refer to a protruded mandible/underbite (2 answers)
What are a Class II Malocclusion and a Class III Malocclusion
Development occurs in these two directions
What are cephalocaudally (head to tail) and proximodistally (medially to distally)
All extrinsic tongue muscles are innervated by CN XII except for this one
What is palatoglossus
During this period, males rapidly gain lung weight, especially in comparison to females
What is puberty
The Valsalva maneuver is this
What is a moderately forceful attempted exhalation against a closed airway, usually done by closing one’s mouth, pinching one’s nose shut while pressing out as if blowing up a balloon
These are the specific structures of the vocal tract
What are ral cavity (faucial pillars, hard palate, soft palate, uvula, teeth, alveolar ridge, palatine tonsils), buccal cavity, nasopharynx, and pharyngeal cavity (oropharynx, laryngopharynx, nasopharynx)
The size of the vocal tract at birth vs. in adulthood
What is 6-8 cm, then 15-18 cm (growing rapidly until 12 months, slowing until age 7 when tract is 75% complete)
Name at least 3 types of intrinsic laryngeal muscles
What are adductors, abductors, tensors, relaxers or auxiliaries