Anatomy
The nephrosplenic ligament connects the spleen to what kidney (left or right)?
left kidney
What supplies the dorsal colon
Right colic a.
Name all stages of the estrous cycle in order (spelling counts)
proestrus --> estrus --> metestrus --> diestrus
A patient is experiencing metabolic acidosis. With respiratory compensation, what would we expect to happen to the alveolar ventilation and the respiration rate.
Alveolar ventilation increases
respiration rate decreases
Female: Theca cells produce testosterone. What cells convert the testosterone to estrogen?
granulosa cells
What artery directly off the aorta gives rise to the arteries of the rumen and reticulum?
celiac a.
What supplies the ventral colon?
colic br. of ileocolic
Function of calbindin (CB)
prevents free intracellular Ca2+ from increasing too much and causing apoptosis (aka buffers [Ca2+])
What stimulates the release of PTH by the parathyroid gland?
hypocalcemia
(Ca2+ binding to receptor --> activated PKC --> phosphorylation inhibits release of PTH)
Male: Function of the Blood testis barrier (2)
- prevent autoimmune rxn against developing spermatogenic cells
- protects the microenvironment of the seminiferous tubules (keep harmful substances in blood from entering developing germinal epithelium)
Three most common places of impaction in a horse's colon
1. cecocolic junction
2. pelvic flexure
3. junction between right dorsal colon and transverse colon
What artery directly off the aorta supplies the jejunum?
Cranial mesenteric a (gives off jejunal arteries)
Describe the function of androgen binding protein
binds to testosterone to increase testosterone in the testes (high concentration of testosterone is essential for spermatogenesis)
PTH decreases reabsorption of what at the proximal tubule
Female: CL produces two primary hormones. Name them
CL produces progesterone and relaxin
The round ligament of the liver marks the division of what two lobes?
quadrate and left lobes of the liver
Centripetal and centrifugal loops of ascending colon: name the two blood supplies (be as specific as possible)
colic branch of the ileocolic a.
right colic a.
What enzyme in the male converts testosterone to estrogen
aromatase
What is the name of the cells in the Anterior pituitary that produce ACTH?
corticotrophs
Female: Purpose of the corona radiata for the oocyte?
The corona radiata provides nutrient support of the oocyte
Describe the position of a gravid uterus
Ventral and right
How can you tell a bovine atlas from an equine atlas
Equine atlas: Has a lateral vertebral foramen/alar foramen and a transverse foramen
Bovine atlas: Only has a lateral vertebral foramen/alar foramen
How does Vitamin D affect Ca2+?
Include a location in your answer.
Vitamin D stimulates Ca2+ absorption in the gut (duodenum)
What activates D2 and D3?
(to become calcitriol the activated form of Vitamin D)
PTH
diestrus