Body defense
a molecule that triggers an immune response (promotes the generation of antibodies)
all cells contain these molecules on their surface for identification.
What is an antigen?
Occurs when the neuron is stimulated; caused by opening of Na+ channels, allowing a rapid influx of Na+ ions into the cell.
What is depolarization?
Inflammation of lungs, alveoli become less elastic, increased protease activity that leads to breakdown of alveolar wall.
What is emphysema?
produced and secreted by β-cells of Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, stimulates glucose uptake into muscles and liver cells, where it is converted into glycogen.
What is insulin?
Protease in stomach that hydrolyses proteins to peptides.
What is pepsin?
contain a weakened version of a pathogen or toxin to trigger immunity.
What is a vaccine?
Period in which Na+ channels are inactivated and the neuron cannot be depolarized.
What is refractory period?
thin alveolar cells with increased surface area adapted to carry out gas exchange.
enlargement of thyroid gland caused by lack of iodine and accumulation of TSH.
What is goiter?
disease caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water , in which a toxin becomes an active enzyme which activates ions and water to leave the epithelial cells and causes diarrhea.
What is cholera?
transmission of a disease from animals to humans
what is zoonosis?
tough, smooth tissue that covers regions of the bone in the joint. Prevents friction and absorbs shocks that might cause the bone to fracture.
What is cartilage?
battery-powered generator + wires with electrodes that connect to the heart muscle to make it beat regularly.
These cells become associated with nurse cells (Sertoli cells) that nurture and support them to help them develop into spermatozoa (n) or sperm.
What are spermatids?
Type of cholesterol that has been associated with an increased risk of developing CHD.
monospecific antibodies (target the same antigen) that are produced from one cloned plasma cell. used to identify diseases and pregnancy.
what are monoclonal antibodies?
Ion released from sacroplasmic reticulum that binds to troponin to expose actin binding sites.
What is P wave?
The hypothalamus sends releasing or inhibiting factors through nerves to regulate secretions of this gland.
What is the anterior pituitary gland?
State in which muscle and adipose tissue are broken down to generate energy and amino acids.
Product of reaction catalyzed by thrombin in which the substrate is fibrinogen.
What is fibrin?
Derivatives of nicotine that can be used as insecticides. They bind irreversibly to acetylcholine receptors in cholinergic synapses.
What are neonicotinoids?
inflatable cuff and measuring device to determine blood pressure.
What is sphygmomanometer?
Hormone that induces the release of milk towards ducts, by contraction of muscles around lobules.
What is oxytocin?
liver tubes that resemble capillaries but have a discontinuous endothelium
sinusiods