Exam 1 Review
Where is elastic cartilage found?
Which vertebral column curvatures develop in the womb?
Thoracic & sacral curvatures
What are the primary and secondary actions of the internal obliques?
Primary: ipsilateral trunk rotation
Secondary: trunk stabilization
What is the primary purpose of the spleen? What is the primary purpose of the gallbladder?
Spleen: Filter out old/abnormal red blood cells
Gallbladder: STORES & CONCENTRATES BILE
Which organ in your body can be described as retroperitoneal? What does this mean?
Your kidneys! Retroperitoneal means situated behind the peritoneum.
Name the 6 types of synovial joints.
Plane, hinge, saddle, condyloid, ball & socket, pivot
Which muscle inserts on the anterior humerus, and performs horizontal adduction of the humerus?
Pectoralis major
What is the origin of the rectus abdominis? What is the vertical white line that runs through the rectus abdominis called?
Origin is the pubic symphysis.
The vertical line is the linea alba, while the horizontal lines are the tendinous intersections.
How is a food bolus moved through the digestive tract? What is the specific name for this phenomenon?
Food is moved via rhythmic, involuntary smooth muscle contractions.
This is called peristalsis.
What does GERD stand for? What is a possible cause of GERD, as listed in lecture?
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Caused by weakness of the lower esophageal sphincter
Which muscle of mastication performs both mandible protrusion and depression?
Lateral pterygoid
What structures do the superior and inferior mesenteric vessels (arteries and veins) supply?
Superior mesenteric artery/veins transports blood through the small intestine & up through the first 2/3rd of the transverse colon of the large intestine.
Inferior mesenteric artery/vein transports blood through the final 1/3rd of the transverse colon & the remainder of the large intestine.
If contracted unilaterally, what is the action of any muscle within the transversospinalis group? Name the three muscles within this group
Contralateral rotation
Rotatores, multifidus, semispinalis
Identify the following histology slide. Is there anything wrong with it?
Liver; no, it is normal.
What is the technical name for the endocrine area of the pancreas? What does the exocrine area of the pancreas do?
Islets of langerhans, contains alpha and beta cells.
Exocrine area contains pancreatic enzymes for the digestion or protein/carbs/lipids.
Which brain structure is responsible for voluntary motor movement? Which structure is responsible for speech production?
Voluntary motor movement = precentral gyrus
Speech production = Broca's area
Which clinical condition of the respiratory system has to do with obstructed bronchioles & thicker alveolar walls?
Asthma
What muscle originates from the iliac crest and performs lateral flexion when contracted unilaterally?
Quadratus lumborum
What is the name of the patch in your intestines that has immune function? Which specific part of the intestine is it found within?
Peyer's patch, found in the ileum. It identifies and destroys foreign pathogens.
Which specific part of your intestines has the most surface area for maximum absorption? Provide the technical name for the structure that increases surface area.
The duodenum of the small intestine has the most circular folds. The technical name for the circular folds is the plicae circularis. Each fold contains villi & microvilli.
What seven muscles does CN III innervate?
The oculomotor nerve innervates the: Superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, medial rectus, levator palpebrae superioris, sphincter pupillae (parasymp), and the ciliary muscles/bodies (parasymp)
What is the dense, fibrous connective tissue that separates the chambers of the heart and anchors the heart valves?
The cardiac skeleton
Stretch with neck flexion, strengthen by performing neck extension with resistance.
Give the number and specific name of the tooth the red arrow is pointing to in the picture.
12, 1st biscupid or 1st premolar
Name the structure that the red arrow is pointing to.
The superior mesenteric artery.