Level 1
This is the location on the chest wall where you auscultate the mitral valve
What is the 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line on the left?
A stab wound directly to the chest is most likely to damage this heart chamber
What is the right ventricle?
This is the longest superficial vein of the upper limb.
What is the cephalic vein?
The SA node is typically supplied by this artery.
What is the right coronary artery?
Damage to the atlantoaxial joints will most significantly impair this movement.
What is head rotation?
The bifurcation of the trachea (carina) is located at this vertebral level.
What is the T4/T5 intervertebral disc?
A young male presents with an intermittent groin swelling that enlarges with coughing and reduces when lying down. Imaging shows the herniated sac passing through the deep inguinal ring and lying lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels.
What is an indirect inguinal hernia?
This is the anatomical point marking the transition from foregut to midgut.
What is the major duodenal papilla? (2nd part of duodenum)
A patient shows loss of the corneal blink reflex on the left side. Neurological exam reveals intact facial motor function but absent sensation over the upper face. Damage to this SPECIFIC nerve is most likely involved.
What is the left ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (V1)?
These three vessels contribute to the collateral circulation around the scapula
What are the suprascapular artery, dorsal scapular artery, and circumflex scapular artery?
This left ventricular papillary muscle has a dual blood supply, making it less prone to ischemia.
What is the anterolateral papillary muscle?
Failure of proper fusion between the septum primum and septum secundum during embryonic heart development can lead to this congenital condition.
What is an atrial septal defect?
A patient presenting with paralysis of the intrinsic hand muscles, sensory loss along the medial forearm and hand, and a claw hand deformity is likely presenting with this pathology.
What is Klumpke's palsy?
This ligament of the the knee has a firm attachment to a meniscus, making both structures vulnerable in valgus stress injuries.
What is the medial (tibial) collateral ligament?
A patient presents after a fibular neck fracture with steppage gait and sensory loss over the dorsum of the foot and lateral shin. Weakness is noted in dorsiflexion and eversion of the foot. This nerve is most likely injured.
What is the common fibular nerve?
The parasympathetic nucleus associated with the nerve that promotes bradycardia is this one.
What is the nucleus ambiguus?
A patient presenting with numbness, tingling, and sensory loss in the medial upper arm and axilla is likely presenting with this nerve injury.
What is intercostobrachial nerve injury?
These are the three branches arising from the posterior division of the internal iliac artery.
What are the superior gluteal artery, iliolumbar artery, and lateral sacral arteries?
This group of lymph nodes is located in the superficial fascia of the upper thigh, inferior to the inguinal ligament, and lateral to the pubic tubercle. Lymph from a structure that arises from the genital swellings drains into these nodes.
What are the superficial inguinal lymph nodes?
Inflammation of the cavernous sinus will MOST LIKELY cause compression of this cranial nerve.
What is the abducens nerve (CN VI)?
A 30-year-old man presents after a knife injury to the right side of his mid-thoracic spine. On exam, he has right-sided spastic paralysis and loss of proprioception below the lesion, along with left-sided loss of pain and temperature sensation starting a few levels below the lesion. What syndrome best explains his presentation.
What is Brown-Séquard syndrome?
A 45-year-old office worker presents with numbness and tingling in the thumb, index, middle, and radial half of the ring finger, especially at night. She also reports dropping objects and weakness with thumb opposition. Compression of a nerve with these spinal roots is the most likely cause.
What are C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1 (C5-T1)?
A patient presenting with the inability to initiate abduction of the arm from rest, but who can complete the motion after assisted elevation, likely has an injury to a nerve with these spinal roots.
What are C5 and C6? (Suprascapular nerve)
This structure, derived from the midline axial mesoderm and persisting as the only postnatal remnant of the notochord, plays a role in defining the primitive vertebral axis during early embryogenesis.
What is the nucleus pulposus?
Obstruction of the middle nasal meatus can impair drainage from these three paranasal sinus structures, increasing the risk of sinusitis.
What are the frontal sinus, maxillary sinus, and anterior ethmoidal air cells?