Digestive System
This is the beginning of the digestive tract where both mechanical and chemical digestion start.
What is the mouth or oral cavity?
These teeth are cone-shaped and used for tearing food.
What are canines?
Air flows from areas of high pressure to this.
What is low pressure?
This structure prevents food from entering the airway.
What is the epiglottis?
A patient cannot properly digest starch beginning in the mouth due to salivary gland dysfunction. This enzyme is likely deficient.
What is salivary amylase?
The two main divisions of the digestive system are BLANK and accessory organs.
What is the alimentary canal (GI tract)?
Adults typically have this many total permanent teeth.
What is 32?
During inspiration, the diaphragm does this.
What is contracts and flattens?
Gas exchange occurs in these tiny structures of the lungs.
What are alveoli?
Severe enamel erosion would most directly affect this property of the tooth.
What is protection/hard outer layer of the tooth?
This enzyme in saliva begins the breakdown of starch.
What is salivary amylase?
These teeth are chisel-shaped and used for biting.
What are incisors?
This volume represents normal breathing (~500 mL).
What is tidal volume (TV)?
This region includes bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles but has no gas exchange.
What is the conducting zone?
A patient lacks bile secretion. This type of nutrient digestion would be most impaired.
What is fat (lipid) digestion?
This part of the small intestine is the longest portion.
What is the ileum?
This structure connects the tongue to the floor of the mouth.
What is the lingual frenulum?
This value is low in obstructive lung diseases like COPD.
What is FEV1 (Force Expiratory Volume in 1 second)?
These bony structures increase surface area and enhance turbulent airflow through the nasal cavity.
What are nasal conchae?
During exercise, increased CO₂ levels stimulate this to increase breathing rate.
What are chemoreceptors (central and peripheral)?
These folds, villi, and microvilli increase this function in the small intestine.
What is surface area for absorption?
This organ neutralizes chyme and secretes digestive enzymes.
What is the pancreas?
This type of lung disease makes it difficult to expand the lungs.
What is restrictive lung disease?
These two pharyngeal regions are involved in both air and food passage.
What are the oropharynx and laryngopharynx?
A patient has damage to the tracheal cartilage rings. This risk increases.
What is airway collapse?