Levels of Organization
What is the smallest unit capable of life on its own?
Cell
What is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue in the human body?
connective tissue
What type of bone that is as long as it is wide is found in the wrist?
short bone
What type of connective tissue connects muscles to bones?
tendons
Which division of the nervous system is responsible for voluntary movements?
somatic nervous system
What is released into the blood for cells to communicate?
hormones
What is an example of a positive feedback loop in humans?
childbirth contractions/ Bleeding
Which feedback loop is most common in maintaining homeostasis?
negative feedback loop
What receptors respond to light energy in the eye?
photoreceptors
What are the building blocks of all living things?
cells
Which is the correct order of organization from most basic to most complex
cells → tissue → organ → organ system →organism
What type of tissue specializes in body movement?
muscle tissue
What are the bones of the ankle called?
tarsals
What muscle is the prime mover during inspiration?
diaphragm
Which part of the nervous system controls “fight or flight” responses?
sympathetic division
What hormone lowers blood sugar and is released by beta cells in the pancreas?
insulin
How does negative feedback affect the input?
reduces/stabilizes the stimulus
What is an example of a negative feedback loop in humans?
body temperature/ blood sugar/ osmoregulation
What structure in the ear maintains balance during head rotation?
semicircular canals
What is the main function of the nervous system?
communication and control
Which organelle would be most abundant in cells that move fluids across their surface, such as in the trachea?
cilia
What type of tissue includes cartilage and blood?
connective tissue
What type of joint allows for the most maneuverability
ball and socket joint
What are the muscle cells containing myofilaments called?
muscle fibers
What type of receptors in the ear respond to vibrations?
mechanoreceptors
What hormone raises blood sugar and is released by alpha cells in the pancreas?
glucagon
How does the muscular system helps regulate body temperature?
muscle contractions (shivering) warms you up
How does a positive feedback loop affect the input?
amplifies the stimulus
What part of the tongue contains sensory receptors for taste?
taste buds (or papillae)
What is the name of the body cavity that contains the brain?
the cranial cavity
Which system is responsible for providing structure and support to the human body?
skeletal system
Which tissue type is critical for communication and control?
nervous tissue
What is the role of ligaments in the skeletal system
connect bones to bones
Which leg bone does not bear weight but stabilizes the ankle joint?
fibula
What maintains the resting membrane potential in a neuron?
sodium-potassium pump
What determines if a hormone will affect a target cell?
the presence of specific receptors
Why do people with paralysis in their lower limbs have weaker bones?
lack of weight-bearing stress that cause bone cells to remodel
What organ system primarily regulates feedback loops?
nervous system
What type of receptor detects temperature changes?
thermoreceptors
What part of the ventral cavity houses the lungs
thoracic cavity
What term refers to the body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment?
homeostasis
What tissue lines the organs and contains cilia/fluids?
epithelial tissue
What part of the vertebral column is located in the neck?
cervical region
What system controls muscle contractions?
nervous system
What energy conversion happens in photoreceptors in the eye?
light energy to electrical energy
What does the endocrine system use to regulate homeostasis?
negative feedback loops
What is homeostasis?
maintenance of a stable internal environment
What type of feedback is seen in blood clotting?
positive feedback loop
Which structure in the eye is responsible for focusing light on the retina?
lens
What are the two major body cavities?
ventral and dorsal cavities