Cervical Spine
"Atypical" vertebrae of the cervical spine
What are C1, C2, and C7 are atypical (first being atlas, second being axis, and seventh resembling thoracic vertebrae)
Sternocleidomastoid
Origin: lateral surface of mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral half of superior nuchal line
Insertion: Sternal head - anterior surface of manubrium of sternum; Clavicular head: superior medial clavicle
Innervation: Spinal Accessory, C2, C3
Action: Unilateral contraction: ipsilateral side bend, contralateral rotation of cervical spine
Bilateral contraction: extends head at AO joints, lower cervical flexion, extends superior cervical vertebrae while flexing inferior vert., so chin is thrust forward w/ head kept level
Shoulder Girdle Joints
What are the GHJ, ACJ, SCJ, STJ
Abduction
What is rolling superiorly and gliding inferiorly.
What are short and long.
C1 is the axis and has no true spinous process
What is False, C1 is Atlas and has no true spinous process
Trapezius
Origin: Medial third of superior nuchal line; external occipital protuberance; nuchal ligament; spinous processes of C7-T12
Insertion: Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
Innervation: Spinal Accessory, C3, C4
Action: Upper trapezius: scapular elevation; Lower trapezius: scapular depression; Middle trapezius: scapular retraction; Upper and Lower together: part of force couple that upwardly rotates scapula
Location of the subacromial space
Extension
What is posterior roll, anterior glide
Parasympathetic innervation from the Vagus nerve causes bronchodilation
What is false, the sympathetic nervous system does.
The _____ passes through transverse Foramen while the ______ passes through the vertebral foramen.
What is the vertebral artery, and spinal cord.
Levator Scapule
Origin: Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4
Insertion: Medial border of scapula superior to root of scapular spine
Innervation: Dorsal Scapular, C3, C4
Action: Scapular elevation and downward rotation
Basic Shoulder Movements of Shoulder Flexion and External Rotation
What is 120 degrees for flexion and 90 degrees of external rotation.
Internal Rotation
SNS expends energy and PNS conserves energy
Side bending in lower cervical spine always occurs with rotation to the opposite side.
What is false.
Pectoralis Major
Origin: Clavicular Head: anterior surface of medial half of clavicle; Sternocostal Head: anterior surface of sternum, T1-T6 costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle
Insertion: Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Innervation: Lateral pectoral nerve; medial pectoral nerve, C5-C8, T1
Action: Shoulder add and IR. Additionally, clavicular head flexes shoulder; sternocostal head extends shoulder from a flexed position.
4 motions of Shoulder
What is overhead, behind the back in IR, behind the head into a combined motion of ER/abduction, and across the body to the other shoulder.
External Rotation
What is posterior roll; anterior glide.
Location of the cell bodies of presynaptic neurons of the SNS
What is the grey matter of the CNS
Contents of the carotid sheath
What are the common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve
Subclavius
Origin: Junction of 1st rib and its costal cartilage
Insertion: Inferior surface of middle third of clavicle
Innervation: Nerve to subclavius, C5, C6
Action: anchors and depresses clavicle
Negative Intra-articular pressure (3 mechanisms)
Intracapsular pressure, perforation of the joint breaks that pressure and leads to a slight excess in mobility, adhesion cohesion bond form two wet bony surfaces (provide some stability)
Horizontal Abduction
What is posterolateral roll and anteromedial glide
For every 1 presynaptic cell in the SNS, there is/are ____ postsynpatic cell(s).
What is 30+