Anatomy Nervous System

Basics of the Nervous System

100

The central nervous system is made up of the 

Brain and spinal cord

200

The peripheral nervous system can be split into these two parts 

Somatic and autonomic nervous systems  

300

Describe the difference in function between the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems

sympathetic= fight or flight

parasympathetic= rest and digest 

400

Give the 3 basic parts of a neuron 

cell body, dendrite, and axon

500

What type of organelle is the chromatophilic substance and why is it important 

rough endoplasmic reticulum 

makes neurotransmitters  

Neuroglia

100

This neuroglia protects neurons from infection 

microglia cells

200

this neuroglia connects neurons to blood vessels

astrocytes 

300

this neuroglia makes myelin in the CNS 

oligodendrocytes 

400

this neuroglia lines the outside of the brain and is important for protection

ependymal cells

500

This neuroglia makes myelin in the PNS

Schwann cells 

Action Potentials

100

cells have a natural resting charge of

-70 mV

200

The threshold of charge that when passed triggers an action potential is 

-55 mV

300

In what order does an action potential go through the axon, dendrite, and cell body 

dendrite -> cell body -> axon

400

As an action potential travels, the charge of the axon rapidly rises to about +30 mV and then returns to normal. This process of rising and lowering is called ___________ and _______________

Depolarization and polarization 

500

If you wanted an action potential to travel faster what two things could you structurally change about the axon

Larger diameter, more myelination 

Neurotransmitters

100

this neurotransmitter is associated with feelings of happiness

serotonin

200

this neurotransmitter is associated with muscle contraction

acetylcholine 

300

this neurotransmitter is associated with pain reduction 

endorphins 

400

this neurotransmitter is associated with feelings of motivation and reward  

dopamine

500

this neurotransmitter is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter

GABA

Parts of the Brain

100

This structure makes up the majority of the brain can be divided into 4 lobes 

cerebrum 

200

This lobe of the brain is responsible for high level critical thinking, speech, and personality 

frontal lobe 

300

This area of the brain is responsible for controlling fear and aggression  

amygdala 

400

This area of the brainstem is associated with ANS functions like controlling heart rate, swallowing, vomiting, and sneezing  

Medulla oblongata 

500

this meninge middle layer of connective tissues surrounding the brain that contains cerebrospinal fluid 

arachnoid mater