knee anatomy
the bones that form the knee joint
femur, tibia, patella
these are the most common injuries seen at the knee
ligament sprains
ACL test
anterior drawer, lachmen
Rapid swelling and loss of knee function
ACL tear
minor injuries to the MCL only need
wrap and compression
these are the four primary knee ligaments
MCL, ACL, PCL, LCL
hyperflex knee
PCL injury
MCL test
Valgus at 30 degrees and 0 degrees
Athlete hears pop, but often there is little swelling
PCl Tear
strengthening the hamstrings to help stabilize the tibia
helps with ACL injury
the muscle crosses the knee joint at the medial aspect of the knee
gracilias muscle
the part of the knee that is injured due to bucket-handle tear
meniscus
PCL test
posterior drawer, SAG
swelling, no joint laxity and full knee flexion and extension
MCL tear
A good way to strengthen gastrocnemius
heel raises
these ligaments pass through the middle of the knee joint and cross each other
anterior and posterior ligament
If this is injured an athlete is often disabled
ACL injury
LCL test
30 to 0 degrees
quadricep weakness and tenderness
patellar tendinitis
when an athlete has a problem with their knees
look for knock-knees
the ends of the tibia and femur are covered and cushioned by
Menisci
this happens when the patella is forced to the lateral aspect
Patella dislocation
Meniscus and patella test
McMurray and apprehension
Pain and discomfort
femoral syndrome
athletes need to prevent tearing
knee brace