Clinical Features
What is the cause of cystic fibrosis (CF)?
a.) development of autoantibodies
b.) mutation of a gene that encodes CFTR
c.) reduction in blood flow to the myocardium
d.) defect on the closure of the spinal cord
(B) mutation of a gene that encodes CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator)
a.) an increasing number of cells in an organ
b.) transformation of one differentiated cell type to another
c.) change in the cell size and shape in the epithelium
d.) decrease in size and function of cells
b.) transformation of one differentiated cell type to another
Identify all the actions of the pronator teres.
- pronate forearm (radioulnar joint)
- assist to flex elbow (humeroulnar joint)
The thoracodorsal nerve innervates this muscle.
latissimus dorsi
wrist drop (radial nerve palsy)
Which is a symptom of large VSD? Select all that apply.
a.) trachypnea
b.) sweating
c.) poor feeding
d.) shrunken liver
e.) failure to thrive
a, b, c, e
a.) trachypnea
b.) sweating
c.) poor feeding
e.) failure to thrive
TRUE OR FALSE
Secondary TB is acquired during inhalation in the alveoli.
False
Secondary TB is the reactivation of the dormant organisms from old granulomas or newly acquired bacilli
Identify all the actions of abductor pollicic longus.
- abuct thumb (CMC joint)
- extend thumb (CMC joint)
- abduct wrist (radiocarpal joint)
What are the actions of the pectoralis minor?
- depress the scapula (S/T joint)
- abduct the scapula (S/T joint)
- downwardly rotate the scapula (S/T joint)
- may elevate thorax
An upper trunk lesion of C5-C6 causes this type of palsy.
ErB Duchenne Palsy
Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by persistent _________, systemic inflammation, and presence of _________
synovitis, autoantibodies
a.) developmental sequence anomaly
b.) deformation
c.) developmental syndrome
d.) reciprocal translocation
a.) developmental sequence anomaly
Identify all the actions of the brachioradialis.
- flex elbow (humeroulnar joint)
- assist to pronate and supinate forearm (humeroradial joint)
This nerve innervates the rhomboid major muscle.
dorsal scapular
A lower trunk lesion of C8-T1 causes this type of palsy.
Klumpke's palsy.
Which of these is NOT a clinical feature of cleft lip/palate?
a.) congenital facial clefting
b.) little to no weight gain
c.) anencephaly
d.) difficulty latching
c.) anencephaly
a.) reduced cardiac output
b.) reduced oxygen in arterial blood supply
c.) a break in layers of arterial wall
d.) spindle-shaped aneurysm
b.) reduced oxygen in arterial blood supply
Identify all the actions of the flexor carpi ulnaris.
- flex the wrist (radiocarpal joint)
- adduct the wrist (radiocarpal joint)
- assist to flex elbow (humeroulnar joint)
Identify all the actions of the triceps brachii.
- extend elbow (humeroulnar joint)
- extend shoulder (G/H joint)
- adduct shoulder (G/H joint)
Identify the 5 divisions of the brachial plexus.
roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and branches
Which of these is a clinical feature of hypertension?
a.) headache
b.) severe dermatitis
c.) dizziness
d.) ringing in ears
e.) a, b, and d
e.) a, b, and d
Dominique just came back from the hospital and is recovering from a bone fracture. Her doctor said she had a break or splinter of the bone into more than 2 fragments. What type of fracture is this?
a.) compression
b.) oblique
c.) spiral
d.) comminuted
d.) comminuted
Identify all the actions of extensor digitorum.
- extend 2nd-5th fingers (MCP and IP joints)
- assist to extend the wrist (radiocarpal joint)
Identify all the actions of the trapezius.
- extend the head and neck
- laterally flex head and neck to same side
- roatate head and neck to opposite side
- elevate scapula (S/T joint)
- upwardly roatate scapula (S/T joint)
- adduct scapula (S/T joint)
- stabilize scapula (S/T joint)
- depress scapula (S/T joint)
- upwardly rotate scapula (S/T joint)
A damage to the median nerves causes this atrophy.
Thenar atrophy