Cardiovascular
This chamber pumps oxygenated blood into systemic circulation.
What is the left ventricle?
Functional unit of gas exchange.
What is the alveolus?
Brain region responsible for basic life functions like breathing and heart rate.
What is the medulla oblongata?
Functional unit of the kidney.
What is the nephron?
Hormone that lowers blood glucose.
What is insulin?
Vessel that returns oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
What are the pulmonary veins?
Gas primarily responsible for triggering increased respiratory rate.
What is CO₂?
Neurotransmitter released at neuromuscular junction.
What is acetylcholine?
Structure where filtration of blood occurs.
What is the glomerulus?
Gland that produces thyroid hormones.
What is the thyroid gland?
Valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle.
What is the mitral (bicuspid) valve?
Muscle primarily responsible for inspiration.
What is the diaphragm?
Structure that insulates axons and increases conduction speed.
What is myelin?
Hormone that increases water reabsorption in the kidneys.
What is ADH (vasopressin)?
Hormone that increases blood calcium levels.
What is parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
Frank-Starling law describes the relationship between this and stroke volume.
What is ventricular preload (end-diastolic volume/stretch)?
Oxygen is transported in blood mainly bound to this molecule.
What is hemoglobin?
Division of the nervous system responsible for “fight or flight.”
What is the sympathetic nervous system?
Segment of nephron primarily responsible for water reabsorption.
What is the proximal convoluted tubule?
Hormone released during stress that increases blood glucose and heart rate.
What is cortisol
Electrical impulse delay occurs at this node to allow ventricular filling.
What is the AV node?
Condition where alveoli collapse due to lack of surfactant.
What is atelectasis?
Action potential phase caused by Na⁺ influx.
What is depolarization?
Hormone that increases sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion.
What is aldosterone?
Feedback mechanism where increased hormone levels suppress further release.
What is negative feedback?