Respiratory System
Gas exchange in the lungs occurs across this membrane by rapid diffusion
What is the respiratory membrane?
Process uses hydrochloric acid & enzymes like pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin & carboxypeptidase to break proteins into smaller chains of amino acids.
What is protein digestion?
This plasma protein is converted into active fibrin by thrombin during the major event of blood clot formation.
What is fibrinogen?
Kidneys rely on these tiny filtering units to remove wastes and extra substances from the blood.
What are nephrons?
This blood type is known as universal donor; it can be given to nobody of the ABO blood group
What is O negative?
What is the ventral respiratory group?
Organ stores bile & releases it into the duodenum through contraction of its muscular wall, but can sometimes develop cholesterol gallstones that require surgical removal.
What is the gallbladder?
This structure forms when platelets stick together at the site of a damaged blood vessel, helping stop bleeding especially in small vessels
What is a platelet plug?
Pair of organs regulates water balance, blood pressure using renin, red blood cell production through EPO, electrolyte levels, and the body's pH
What are the kidneys?
This respiratory function brings air into the lungs during breathing
What is inhalation?
These tiny grape like air sacs in the lungs are surrounded by capillaries and the are the main site where oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide leaves the body
What are alveoli?
People who are lactose intolerant lack enough of this enzyme needed to break down the sugar lactose in the small intestine
After a blood vessel is injured this is the first of three processes the body may use to slow or prevent blood loss
What is vascular spasm?
This organ performs deamination of amino acids, converting toxic ammonia into urea before its excreted by the urinary system
What is the liver?
This function of the circulatory system prevents excessive blood loss after a vessel is damaged
What is hemostasis?
This brainstem region contains the ventral respiratory group that stimulates the muscles responsible for breathing
What is the medulla oblongata?
This hormone released by cells in the stomach & the duodenum stimulates the stomach to increase gastric secretions during digestion.
What is gastrin?
This process involves platelets, clotting factors and fibrin formation to prevent blood loss after vessel injury
What is blood coagulation?
This group of cells located at the end of the ascending limb of the nephron loop sense low levels of sodium, potassium or chloride and helps trigger renin release.
What are macula densa cells?
This kidney function is triggered by low Na+, K+ or CL- & helps raise blood pressure
What is renin release ( blood pressure regulation)?
This condition involves rapid deep breathing that lowers blood CO2 levels and can temporarily breath holding time
What is hyperventilation?
This hormone is released by the duodenum when acidic chyme enters it & stimulated the pancreas to secrete bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid
What is secretin?
This liver produced protein is the inactive precursor that is converted into thrombin during blood clotting
What is prothrombin?
This plasma protein is converted by renin to begin the process that ultimately produces angiotensin, helping regulate blood pressure.
What is angiotensinogen?
This digestive function uses bile & lipases to break down fats for absorption into the lymphatic system