Show:
Acoustics & Psychoacoustics
Outer Ear/Middle Ear
Inner Ear (Cochlea & Vestibular System)
Auditory Nerve
Central Auditory Nervous System
100
a logarithmic unit used to express the ratio between two values of a physical quantity
What is the decibel
100
an air filled space within the temporal bone which main function is to increase the energy that is imparted to the cochlea
What is the middle ear
100
a hard bone that has a myraid of cavities, channels and canals that subserve the organs of hearing and balance
What is the bony labyrinth
100
the frequency to which an auditory nerve fiber best responds and has the lowest neural threshold
What is characteristic frequency
100
each of the cell types in the cochlear nucleus does what to the auditory nerve firing pattern?
What is modify or preseve
200
back and forth oscillation of pressure through a medium
What is a sound wave
200
provides fresh air to the middle ear space and communication between the middle ear and nasopharynx
What is the Eustachian tube
200
shelf like structure that winds around the modiolus from base to apex; looks like a fire tree, with the cochlea base correlating with the wider branches and the apex of the cochlea correlating with the narrower branches
What is the osseous spiral lamina
200
results in release of the neurotransmitter and activation of the auditory nerve across the synaptic cleft
What is depolarization of hair cells
200
located in the midbrain
What is the inferior colliculus
300
often measured in cycles per second (cps) or the interchangeable Hertz (Hz)
What is frequency
300
an increase in energy due to the area differential between the tympanic membrane and the oval window
What is the area ratio
300
sensory organ of hearing; composed of sensory cells, supporting cells and a variety of membrane that runs the entire length of the cochlea duct
What is the Organ of Corti
300
high frequency nerve fibers are located laterally and low frequency nerve fibers are located medially
What is tonotopic organization
300
first place in the auditory system to receive binaural input
What is the superior olivary complex
400
denotes the particular point in the cycle of a waveform, measured as an angle in degrees
What is phase
400
primarily created by transfer of energy from an air to fluid medium
What is the impedance mismatch
400
change vibratory energy to electrical energy
What are hair cells
400
auditory nerve fiber afferent connections to the outer hair cells
What is type II nerve fibers
400
plays an important role in transferring auditory information from one hemisphere to the other
What is the corpus callosum
500
Two waves with the same frequency and phase will combine to create a single sound of greater amplitude
What is constructive interference
500
two muscle tendons help support the ossicular chain within the middle ear space contract in response to loud stimuli, resulting in a stiffening of the ossicular chain
What is the acoustic reflex
500
the cilia are pushed away from the limbus (towards the stria vascularis) causing the tip-links to open the pores in the cilia and K+ to enter the cell and the cells to depolarize
What is on a rarefaction wave
500
accomplished by the place principle and/or temporally by the rate of neuron firing
What is frequency representation
500
cochlear nucleus to superior olivary complex to trapezoid body to nuclei of the lateral lemniscus and the commissure of Probst to the inferior colliculus and the commissure of the inferior colliculus to the medial geniculate body through the internal capsule to the auditory cortices
What is the central auditory pathway