Cell structure and function
What is the primary function of the mitochondria?
The mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration.
What is the basic functional unit of a muscle?
Sarcomere
Which type of tissue covers body surfaces and lines cavities?
Epithelial tissue
What is the function of articular cartilage in joints?
It reduces friction and absorbs shock.
What is the main function of the nervous system?
To control and coordinate body functions.
What structure controls what enters and leaves the cell?
The plasma membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell.
What type of muscle is involuntary and striated, found in the heart?
Cardiac muscle.
What is the function of epithelial tissue?
It protects, secretes, and absorbs.
What is the term for the shaft of a long bone?
Diaphysis
Which cell type in the brain produces myelin?
Oligodendrocytes
Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
The ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.
What protein filament is involved in muscle contraction?
Actin and Myosin.
What type of muscle is involuntary and striated, found in the heart?
Cardiac muscle.
Which bone cell is responsible for bone maintenance and repair?
Osteocytes
What part of a neuron carries electrical signals away from the cell body?
Axon.
What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?
Ribosomes are responsible for synthesizing proteins.
What is the structure that connects a motor neuron to a muscle?
Neuromuscular junction.
Which connective tissue connects muscle to bone?
Tendons
What part of the skeleton protects the brain?
Skull
What lobe of the brain is responsible for processing sensory information like touch?
Parietal lobe.
What type of cell transport requires energy to move molecules against a concentration gradient?
Active transport.
Which disease causes progressive muscle weakness due to impaired neuromuscular function?
Myasthenia Gravis.
What disorder involves the tearing of connective tissue in the skin, resulting in fragile skin?
Epidermolysis bullosa.
What type of joint is found at the shoulder and hip, allowing for the widest range of motion?
Ball-and-socket joint.
What disease is caused by the loss of myelin in neurons?
Multiple sclerosis