Support & Movement
This system acts as the body's main support structure and includes bones and joints
What is the Skeletal System?
This system is responsible for gas exchange—bringing oxygen in and removing carbon dioxide
Respiratory System
A change in the environment that a sensory system detects is known as this
Stimulus
These chemical messengers are used by the endocrine system to communicate through the blood
hormones
These are the two types of gametes responsible for human reproduction
Sperm and Egg
Muscles can only pull (contract); therefore, they must work in these "opposing" pairs
antagonistic pairs
These tiny air sacs are the specific site where gas exchange occurs in the lungs
Alveoli
This clear outer covering of the eye helps focus light as it enters
Cornea
This part of a neuron is specifically responsible for receiving signals
dendrites
This type of cell division allows one cell to become many identical cells for growth
Mitosis
Human adults typically have between this many bones
What is 203–216?
This specific heart chamber is thicker because it must pump oxygenated blood to the entire body
Left Ventricle
This part of the eye contains light-sensitive cells and converts light into signals
Retina
Contrast the speed and duration of the nervous system versus the endocrine system
Nervous system signals are fast and short-term; Endocrine signals are slower and long-lasting
This term describes the process where cells become specialized for different jobs, such as becoming a neuron
Cell Differentiation
Identify the 4-step process of how the skeletal and muscular systems work together to move a body part
1. Muscle contracts; 2. Pulls on bone; 3. Bone moves at joint; 4. Body part moves.
Contrast the destination of blood sent from the right side of the heart versus the left side
The right side sends blood to the lungs; the left side sends blood to the body
List the four steps of the general stimulus-response pathway
1. Stimulus; 2. Receptor detects it; 3. Signal sent through nervous system; 4. Response
This division of the nervous system consists specifically of the brain and the spinal cord
Central Nervous System (CNS)
This diploid cell is produced by the union of two haploid gametes during fertilization
zygote
Besides bones, list three other structures that can be found within a joint to allow movement
What are muscles, cartilage, ligaments, or tendons?
Explain why the respiratory and circulatory systems must function together for a body to survive
The respiratory system loads oxygen into the blood, and the circulatory system delivers that oxygen to cells; cells need a constant supply to maintain stability
Using the concept of "structure determines function," explain why your skin cannot detect light
Structure determines function; skin lacks the specialized light receptors (like those in the retina) and light-focusing structures (like the lens) needed to interpret light
Explain the difference between a reflex and a conscious response in terms of speed and the organs involved
Reflexes are automatic, fast, and handled by the spinal cord to save time; conscious responses are slower and involve the brain for processing.
Name three different body systems that work together to support a developing embryo and one role for each
Circulatory (delivers nutrients), Respiratory (provides oxygen), Endocrine (hormones for pregnancy support), or Nervous (coordinates responses)