Intro to the Human Body
The smallest independently functioning biological unit of an organism is a(n) ________.
a. cell
4. Which of the following best describes a stem cell?
A) A cell that is fully specialized and cannot divide
B) A cell that can divide without limit and differentiate into various cell types
C) A cell that only exists in embryos and cannot become adult cells
D) A cell that has lost the ability to express genes
B) A cell that can divide without limit and differentiate into various cell types
Which of the following is not a type of tissue?
c. embryonic
Why are anatomy and physiology typically studied together?
A) Because anatomy only studies living bodies
B) Because physiology explains how structures work together
C) Because anatomy focuses on chemistry and physiology on physics
D) Because they are unrelated fields
B) Because physiology explains how structures work together
A collection of similar tissues that performs a specific function is an ________.
b. organ
2. What primarily determines which genes are expressed in a specialized cell?
A) The number of chromosomes
B) Transcription factor proteins
C) The size of the cell
D) The rate of cell division
B) Transcription factor proteins
The process by which a less specialized cell matures into a more specialized cell is called ________.
a. differentiation
What is the correct sequence from the simplest to the most complex level of organization in the human body?
A) Organ system → Organ → Tissue → Cell → Molecule → Organism
B) Molecule → Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ system → Organism
C) Cell → Molecule → Tissue → Organ → Organ system → Organism
D) Tissue → Cell → Molecule → Organ → Organ system → Organism
B) Molecule → Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ system → Organism
The heart is within the ________.
b. mediastinum
1. What is the process by which cells become specialized to perform unique functions?
A) Mitosis
B) Cell differentiation
C) DNA replication
D) Apoptosis
B) Cell differentiation
Differentiated cells in a developing embryo derive from ________.
b. ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
Which organ system is responsible for removing waste products from the blood and regulating water balance?
A) Digestive system
B) Urinary system
C) Circulatory system
D) Lymphatic system
b. urinary system
The lumbar region is ________.
c. superior to the popliteal region
Which type of stem cell gives rise to red and white blood cells?
c. hematopoietic
In observing epithelial cells under a microscope, the cells are arranged in a single layer and look tall and narrow, and the nucleus is located close to the basal side of the cell. The specimen is what type of epithelial tissue?
a. columnar
What is the main function of the respiratory system?
A) To break down food and absorb nutrients
B) To exchange gases between the body and the environment
C) To protect the body from injury and infection
D) To produce hormones for regulating body processes
B) To exchange gases between the body and the environment
What is the position of the body when it is in the “normal anatomical position?”
c. The person is supine with upper limbs, including palms, touching sides and lower limbs touching at sides.
What multipotent stem cells from children sometimes banked by parents?
c. cells from the umbilical cord and from baby teeth
The cells of muscles, myocytes, develop from ________.
a. myoblasts
Which organ system is responsible for producing hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, and reproduction?
A) Nervous system
B) Endocrine system
C) Lymphatic system
D) Urinary system
B) Endocrine system