Atoms and Electrons
This element helps break down food, is involved in muscle movement, and helps balance fluids in your body.
Hydrogen. (B - hydrogen helps break down food)
Define a covalent bond
In a covalent bond atoms share electrons equally.
(It's also a bond with 2 non-metals)Define polar molecules
Polar molecules have a positive (+) or negative (-) charge.
What is an example of a hydrophobic substance?
B) Oil that does not dissolve in water
What is the best description of diffusion?
A) Molecules moving from high to low concentration without using energy.
Carbohydrates provide the body with ______
Energy
Define ionic bond
In an ionic bond, one atom gives or takes an electron from the other. The electrons are not shared equally.
(It is also a bond between a metal and a non-metal)
Explain why water is a polar molecule
In water, hydrogen is positive (+) and oxygen is negative (-)
What is an example of a hydrophilic substance
A) Salt that dissolves in water
Look at the diagram on page 8.
Based on the concentration of oxygen molecules, which way will the oxygen diffuse?
Out of the cell
What does the chemical formula of Baking Soda represent? (NaHCO3)
1 sodium, 1 hydrogen, 1 carbon, 3 oxygen
For the compound NO2, what are each of the elements (metals or non-metals) and what is the bond type?
N - nonmetal, O - nonmetal
Bond type = covalent
Explain what a hydrogen bond is
A hydrogen bond is when a molecule bond with a hydrogen atom. In water, molecules bond with hydrogen bonds.
Explain how salt dissolves in water
Salt is able to dissolve in water because it is polar.
Salt = Na+ and Cl- Water = H+ and O-
The positive sodium (Na+) is pulled away by the negative oxygen (O-).
The negative chlorine (Cl-) is pulled away by the positive hydrogen (H+).
Explain how electrolytes keep you hydrated
Water is highly attracted to electrolytes. Electrolytes build up in the body and are followed by water through osmosis.
On page 4, how many electrons, neutrons, and protons are in the diagram on your paper?
6 electrons (negative charge), 2 neutrons (no charge), 2 protons (positive charge)
For the compound NaCl, what are each of the elements (metals or non-metals) and what is the bond type?
Na - metal, Cl - nonmetal
Bond type = ionic
Which of the following statements is not true about water molecules?
a) they are weak bonds
b) they are polar
c) the atoms share electrons equally
C) Atoms DO NOT share electrons equally in water molecules.
Vinegar has a pH of 3. What does that mean about H+ ions?
It has a lot of H+ ions
(low pH = acidic = lots of H+ ions)
Draw (or accurately describe) an electron shell for Nitrogen
Atomic number = 7
2 rings: First ring has 2 electrons
2nd ring has 5 electrons
For the compound SO2, what are each of the elements (metals or non-metals) and what is the bond type?
S - nonmetal, O - nonmetal
Bond type = covalent
Explain acidosis and how it negatively affects the body.
Acidosis is when your blood becomes too acidic. This can lead to fatigue, trouble concentrating, and even organ failure.
Acidosis is often caused by diabetes and/or alcoholism.