Circulatory System
The heart is a muscular organ that is often called the _______ of the body.
pump
What structure is also known as the throat?
pharynx
What special structures in the mouth physically break down food by chewing and grinding?
Teeth
What is the hollow muscular sac that holds urine?
the bladder
Identify an accessory organ that aids in digestion. 3 possible answers.
liver, gallbladder, pancreas
The upper chambers of the heart are called what?
atria
What is the function of the trachea?
Carry air between the pharynx and the bronchi
Saliva contains a substances called _______ that speed up chemical reactions.
enzymes
What is the primary function of the urinary system?
Remove waste and excess water to maintain acid-base balance in the body
How many lobes make up the right lung?
3
This is a double-layered membrane, or sac, that covers the outside of the heart.
pericardium
These structures resemble grapes and are found at the end of the bronchioles. This is where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs.
The mucus membrane lining of the stomach contains folds to allow it to expand. What are these folds called?
rugae
What is homeostasis?
a state of equilibrium or balance for the internal environment of the body
What types of blood vessels are small, they only have one layer of cells to allow for oxygen and nutrients to pass though.
Capillaries
The lower chambers of the heart are called what?
ventricles
What is the term for the process of breathing in air?
inhalation or inspiration
In the stomach food is converted into a frothy semifluid material, what is this material called?
chyme
What part of the kidney contains the nephrons?
cortex
What organ detoxifies substances?
the liver
Electrical impulses from the heart cause the muscles to contract. The SA node sends out impluses and is commonly called the _______________ of the heart.
pacemaker
What is the name of the tiny hair like structures in the respiratory tract that filter inhaled air?
cilia
The majority of absorption and digestion is completed in what structure of the digestive system?
small intestine
What structure carries the urine from the bladder to the outside of the body?
urethra
What term means excessive urination?
polyuria