Cells
Molecules will from from a __ concentration to an area of __ concentration
high, low
What are the 4 major tissues?
Epithelial, Muscle, Smooth and Connective
What's the function of the skeletal system?
Function to protect, support, store inorganic materials (magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium), blood cell formation and body movement
What are the types of muscle tissue and where are they located
Smooth: digestive tracts, Skeletal: attached to bones through tendons and Cardiac: heart
Functional parts of a Neuron and its function
Cell Body: houses the nucleus and organelles, Dendrites: receives information, Axon: conducts information away from the cell, Myelin Sheaths: insulates the axon, Nodes of Ranvier: gaps between the myelin sheaths
What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?
Responsible for packaging and sorting proteins before being secreted
Tendons are ___ to ___
Ligaments are ___ to ___
muscle, bones
bones, bones
What makes up the pectoral and pelvic girdle?
Pectoral girdle: clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals and phalanges(arms) Pelvic gridle: coxal bones and femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges(legs)
What is Actin and Myosin?
Actin: thin and light filaments, Myosin: Thick and dark filaments
Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis?
numbness in limbs, Muscle cramps, paralysis, blurred vision, fatigue, dizziness, difficulty to memorize & concentrate and depression, dementia
What is active transport, passive transport and facilitated diffusion?
active transports something against a concentration gradient using energy ATP; passive requires no energy: facilitated uses proteins as a passageway
3 types of dense connective tissue (cartilage)
Hyaline Cartilage, Elastic Cartilage and Fibrocartilage
What is the structure of the long bone and their location?
Epiphysis: ends of the bone, Diaphysis: shaft of the bone, Articular Cartilage: covers end of the bone, Periosteum: membrane covering bone, Medulla: within the epiphysis containing bone marrow
What is Dystrophin? and Myasthenia Gravis and its symptoms?
Dystrophin: disorder causing bones to become weak leading to reduced mobility, Myasthenia: muscular weakness due to damaged Acetylcholine receptors with symptoms; drooping eyelid, blurred vision, difficulty swallowing, slurred speech
Parts of the Neuroglia cell
Body of the Cell, Oligodendrocyte, Astrocyte, Microglial Cell, Ependymal Cell, Schwann cell, Myelin Sheaths, Nodes of Ranvier
What are the phases of mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase
What is Epidermolysis Bullosa?
Deficiency of Collagen due to a gene mutation leading to tissues not holding together
Types of Diarthrotic Joints and examples
Saddle: Thumb, Ball & Socket: shoulder/hip, Hinge: elbow/knee, Pivot: lower arm
What is the Sarcoplasmic reticulum responsible for?
Releases and pumps calcium in and out into the Acting myofilament
Functions of the Neuroglia cell parts
Oligodendrocyte: make myelin sheaths that insulates the axon, astrocyte: connects blood vessels to neuron, Microglial cell: immune function which cleans debris and kills bacteria, Ependymal cell: forms membranes around tissue, Schwann cell: insulating myelin sheath in the PNS
Name cell membrane organelles and their functions
Cytoplasm: area between nucleus and the membrane, Smooth ER: synthesis for lipids, Rough ER: production of protein, Golgi Apparatus: package and delivery proteins, Mitochondria: converts food into a form of energy(ATP), Lysosomes: enzymes breaks down food, worn out cell parts and bacteria, Centrosomes:
What makes up the connective tissue matrix and what are some of their functions?
Collagen fibers: makes up tendons, Fibroblasts: productions of fibers, Mast cells: prevents blood clots, Macrophages: consumes debris and foreign objects, Fat cells: stores energy, Elastic fibers, Blood vessels and blood cells
Sutures in the skull
Lambdoid, Sagittal, Coronal, Squamous Suture
What are the steps in order for the Sliding Filament theory? (A)Calcium released from Sarcoplasm(B)cross-bridge forms(C)Actin changes shape(D)Signal travels down the motor neuron(E)ATP creates power stroke, shortening acting filaments
D: signal travels, A: calcium is released, C: acting changes, B: cross-bridge, E: ATP creates power stroke
What's the name of the area that is responsible for the understanding of sentences and in which lobe is it found?
Wernicke's Area, found in the left temporal lobe