Nervous
The basic functional unit of the nervous system.
Neuron
The lobe of the brain responsible for thinking, planning, motor movement, etc.
Frontal lobe
The special sense detected by the eyes
Sight or vision
The component of blood that carries oxygen from the lungs to all the cells in the body
Red blood cells
The muscular tube that moves food from the mouth to the stomach
Esophagus
The part of a neuron that transmits a signal a long distance, usually covered with myelin sheath
Axon
The lobe of the brain primarily responsible for vision
Occipital lobe
The special sense detected by chemoreceptors on the tongue
Gustation or taste
The chamber of the heart that blood enters first
Right atrium
The organ that produces bile to help digest fats
Liver and Gallbladder
Glial cells that clean up cellular waste in the nervous system, especially during sleep
Microglial cells
The part of the brain that controls balance and coordination
Cerebellum
The sensory receptors in the retina of the eye that detect light
Rods and cones
The chamber of the heart where blood is right before it goes to the aorta
Left ventricle
The part of the digestive system where most nutrient absorption occurs
Small intestine
Glial cells that produce myelin sheath
Oligodendrocytes or Schwann cells
The brain region that controls breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure
Brainstem
The part of the ear responsible for balance
Vestibular system, or semicircular canals
The artery that carries blood from the heart to the lungs
The main function of the large intestine (colon)
The space between two neurons where neurotransmitters cross
Synaptic cleft
The structure that connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain
Corpus callosum
The structure in the eye that controls the amount of light entering (the muscles are pigmented)
Iris
The vessels on the outside of the heart that supply the cardiac muscle with blood
Coronary arteries
The process of wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract
Peristalsis