Circulatory System
What organ pumps blood throughout the body?
The heart
Which parts of your respiratory system will likely become clogged when you have a cold?
The sinuses
What are the two ways food is broken down in the body?
Mechanical and chemical digestion
What structure stores urine before it is excreted?
The bladder
What blood type is the universal donor?
What is the main function of the circulatory system?
Transport oxygen, nutrients, waste, and hormones throughout the body
What is the function of the alveoli?
Gas exchange in the lungs
Where is most food primarily broken down?
The small intestine
What are the functional units of the kidneys?
The nephrons
What are the three main types of blood cells?
Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
Why does your heart rate go up after you run a mile?
Heart rate increases to supply more oxygen and nutrients to the muscles and to remove carbon dioxide and waste
What structure connects the lungs to the trachea?
The bronchi
What organ produces bile?
The liver
What are the sphincters role in the urinary system?
They control the release of urine from the bladder
What is the main function of platelets?
To form blood clots to stop bleeding
What is the difference between veins and arteries?
Veins carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, while arteries carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Veins have valves, arteries have thicker walls
In what direction do the diaphragm and the rib cage move during inhalation?
Diaphragm moves down, rib cage moves up and out
What substance do parietal cells secrete?
What tube carries urine from the kidney to the bladder?
The ureter
What determines blood type and why is this important for transfusions?
Blood type is based off specific antigens on red blood cells. The blood type of the donor and the recipient have to match because the immune system will attack a foreign blood type
Jim is feeling shortness of breath and a dull pain in his chest? What is he likely experiencing and why?
He is likely having a heart attack, due to a blockage in a coronary artery, reducing blood flow to the heart, causing these symptoms
How does smoking affect the respiratory system over time?
It damages the cilia in the lungs, making it harder to clear mucus and pathogens, leading to irritation and a higher risk of lung conditions
How does a proton pump inhibitor work to control acid levels in the gastrointestinal tract?
A proton pump inhibitor inhibits the proton pump on the parietal cells, leading to a reduction of gastric acid secretion
How does the urinary system help maintain homeostasis?
By filtering waste from the blood, regulating water and electrolyte balance, adjusting blood PH, and controlling blood pressure through the release of aldosterone and ADH
Victor got a deep cut in his shoulder in a car accident. The bleeding stopped after a few minutes. What process occurred in his body?
Platelets formed a plug and clotting factors in the blood triggered the formation of fibrin, temporarily sealing his wound