Name all the sutures of the skull.
Coronal, sagittal, squamous, lambdoid
In body movements, when one extends past the anatomical position, what is it called?
Hyperextension
How many auditory ossicles are included in the 14 facial bones?
6
What are the membranous gaps between a newborn’s skull called?
Fontanelles
What is it called when one places the tip of their thumb on the tip of one of their fingers? How about when they reposition it back?
Opposition, reposition
What is it called when one separate their fingers apart?
Abduction
What is it called when one puts the heel of their foot down?
Dorsiflexion
What is it called when one moves the bottom jaw downward? How about when they bring it back up?
Depression, elevation
List the locations of the bones of the hand.
Carpal bones, metacarpals, phalanges (proximal, middle, distal)
Describe the sections of the vertebrae by name and number in each section.
7 Cervical, 12 Thoracic, 5 Lumbar, sacral, coccygeal
Which vertebrae are the atlas and axis? Why are they important?
C1 & C2. C1 holds up the head and lets do the "nodding yes" movement and C2 has the projection up towards the atlas which is called dens and it allows for the "shaking head no" movement".
List the structural and functional classification of joints.
Structural - Fibrous *limited movement, cartilaginous *limited movement, synovial * freely moveable
Function - Synarthrosis *immovable , amphiarthrosis *slightly moveable, diarthrosis * freely moveable
List the type of ribs and how many in each section, including their alternate names.
1-7 True ribs (vertebrosternal), 8-12 False ribs (vertebrochondral) , floating ribs 11-12
Which of the following correctly lists the parts of the sternum in order?
Body, xiphoid Process, coccyx
Manubrium, body, Xiphoid process
Articular cartilage, manubrium, costal cartilage
None of the above
2
Describe/list the parts of the axial and appendicular skeleton.
Axial - skull, vertebral column, rib cage
Appendicular - limbs, pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle
Describe the differences between synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, and Diarthrosis.
Synarthrosis is when the joint is immovable, amphiarthrosis is slightly moveable, and diarthrosis is freely moveable.
Select the answer choice with the correct paranasal sinuses.
1. nasal sinus, ethmoidal sinus, frontal sinus, maxilla sinus
2. frontal sinus, ethmoidal sinus, sphenoidal sinus
3. Ethmoidal sinus, sphenoidal sinus, frontal sinus, maxillary sinus
4. All of the above
3
Why are dislocations common with the knees, shoulders, and elbows?
These joints are freely moveable and go beyond regular ranges of motion which makes it vulnerable to dislocations. More specifically, knees are synovial joints which allow for free movement and also carry a lot of the body's weight which brings stress from many angles, for shoulders, they are ball and socket joints which give the most range of motion of any joint which also leads to dislocations and they aren't more intact than hip joints, and lastly, the elbows twist in many different directions which causes trauma.
Why is the hip joint the most strongest joint in all of our body?
What is it called when one's palm is facing the front and rotates back? What is the opposite of this?
Pronation, supination
How do dislocations happen, where are they most common and where are they rare?
When bones are usually twisted or forced out of their normal alignment, it can cause dislocations, some of these include the elbows, shoulders, and knees which are freely moveable and the ones that rarely have dislocations are hip joints.
Describe the types of synovial joints and where they can be found.
Gliding - Flat or slightly curved faces, moves in many directions in a single plane
Ex. Carpal bones
Hinge - Angular movement in one plane
Ex. elbow, knee, ankle
Pivot - Rotation only
Ex. Neck
Condylar - Oval surface nests with a depression with another bone
Ex. Knuckles
Saddle - Angular in two planes
Ex. Base of thumb
Ball-and-socket joint - The head of one side of the bone nests with cup-shaped depression of another bone
Ex. Hip joint
Describe what osteoporosis does to the bones anatomically.
Osteoporosis is when there is a loss of bone mass due to an increase of osteoclasts rather than osteoblasts which break down bone faster than make them. It is more common in women after menopause and it impairs their daily movements and leads to fractures.
What type of sports could have many instances of fracture and dislocations?
Soccer, basketball, tennis, dance, any that cause stress, sudden movements, or require to go beyond anatomical position.
What is a symphysis? Give an example.
It is a type of amphiarthrosis classification of joints in the fibrous category which connects ligaments. An example is the tibia and fibula.