Integumentary & Skeletal System
All of the following are functions of the integumentary system EXCEPT:
a. protection of underlying tissue
b. synthesis of vitamin A
c. maintenance of body temperature
d. excretion
The basic contractile unit of a muscle fiber is the:
a. sarcomere
b. myofibril
c. Z-dsic
d. A-band
a. sarcomere
The cardiovascular system is composed of:
a. heart, blood, blood vessels
b. heart, lungs, arteries
c. veins, capillaries, brain
d. blood vessels, nerves, organs
a. heart, blood, blood vessels
The digestive system is composed of:
a. only the stomach and small intestine
b. the muscular digestive tract and accessory organs
c. liver and pancreas only
d. esophagus and pharynx
b. muscular digestive tract and accessory organs
Stem cells and melanocytes dominate the stratum germinativum, making it the layer where:
a. new cells are generated and skin colors are synthesized
b. the protein keratin produces cornified cells
c. dead epithelial cells accumulate in large amounts
d. the cells are flattened, densely packed and filled with keratin
a. new cells are generated and skin colors are synthesized
The shaft of the long bone is called the _____________________, and it contains the _____________________.
a. epiphysis; articular cartilage
b. diaphysis; marrow cavity
c. periosteum; endosteum
d. metaphysis; spongy bone
b. diaphysis; marrow cavity
Which type of neuron detects stimuli from the environment and transmit signals toward the CNS?
a. motor nueron
b. interneuron
c. glial cells
d. sensory neurons
d. sensory neurons
Which structure(s) carry blood TO the heart?
a. arteries
b. veins
c. capillaries
d. arterioles
b. veins
Which of the following is NOT one of the six digestive functions?
a. ingestion
b. mechanical processing
c. respiration
d. absorption
c. respiration
The neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction is:
a. dopamine
b. acetylcholine
c. serotonin
d. norepinephrine
b. acetylcholine
Excessive exposure to UV light may damage:
a. cellular DNA, resulting in mutations
b. connective tissue & cause wrinkling
c. chromosomes & cause cancer
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
The sliding filament theory explains muscular contraction by:
a. myosin pulling actin toward the center of the sarcomere
b. actin pushing myosin toward the Z-disc
c. both thick and thin filaments moving toward each other
d. Z-discs moving apart
a. myosin pulling actin towards the center of the sarcomere
Capillaries are the primary sites of:
a. blood pumping
b. valve closure
c. heart rate regulation
d. gas and nutrient exchange between blood and cells
d. gas and nutrient exchange between blood and cells
Saliva functions to:
a.suppress bacterial growth
b. lubricate foods
c. dissolve chemicals
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Which dermal layer contains dermal papillae that form fingerprints?
a. papillary layer
b. reticular layer
c. hypodermis
d. stratum spinosum
a. papillary layer
A 70-year-old woman is diagnosed with osteopenia. Which factor MOST LIKELY contributes to decreased bone mineral density in postmenopausal women?
a. increased osteoblast activity
b. decreased estrogen levels
c. excessive calcium intake
d. increased physical activity
b. decreased estrogen levels
The brain's ability to reorganize and form new neural connections in response to experience or injury is called:
a. synaptic plasticity
b. neurodegeneration
c. neuroplasticity
d. myelination
c. neuroplasticity
The left side of the heart is thicker than the right side because it:
a. pumps blood to the lungs only
b. receives blood from the lungs
c. pumps blood to the entire body
d. has more valves
c. pumps blood to the entire body
The small intestine increases surface area for absorption through:
a. pliace circulares and villi only
b. microvilli on epithelial cells only
c. plicae circulares, villi, microvilli
d. haustra and taenia colli
c. plicae circulares, villi, microvilli
Compared to slow-twitch fibers, fast-twitch fibers are:
a. more resistant to fatigue and rich in mitochondria
b. better suited for endurance activities
c. capable and rapid, powerful contractions and fatigue quickly
d. smaller in diameter and slower to contract
c. capable of rapid, powerful contractions and fatigue quickly
Which bones are formed primarily through intramembranous ossification?
a. long bones of the limbs
b. vertebrae and ribs
c. flat bones of the skull and mandible
d. bones of the hands and feet
c. flat bones of the skull and mandible
Rigor mortis occurs because:
a. Muscles continue to contract after death
b. ATP is no longer available to release myosin from actin
c. Nervous system sends final signals to muscles
d. Calcium is rapidly released from all muscle cells
b. ATP is no longer available to release myosin from actin
What is the correct order of blood flow through the cardiovascular system?
right atrium - tricuspid valve - right ventricle - pulmonary semilunar valve - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein(s) - left atrium - bicuspid valve - left ventricle - aortic semilunar valve - aorta - arteries - arterioles - capillaries - venules - veins - vena cava (cycle repeats)
Which hormone triggers the pancreas to release bicarbonate and water to neutralize stomach acid?
a. gastrin
b. cholecystokinin (CCK)
c. secretin
d. gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)
c. secretin
A person experiences a stroke in the left frontal lobe. Which of the following would be MOST LIKELY affected?
a. vision and color perception
b. hearing and memory function
c. decision-making and motor control on the right side of the body
d. balance and coordination
c. decision-making and motor control on the right side of the body