spinal cord
provide lateral stability to spinal cord
extensions of pia mater
The deltoid M is what shape?
pennate, specifically multipennate
describe a sesamoid
small, flat bones embedded in tendons
function to reinforce and decrease strain on tendons and reduce friction at joints
what type of ossification begins with development of fetal cartilage?
endochondral ossification
what do sebaceaous glands secrete? Where would I find them?
oil/attached to the base of hair follicles
true/false: Spinal nerves carry only carry sensory information to and from the spinal cord
False: spinal nerve carry BOTH sensroy and motor information
spongy bone vs. comppact bone
composed of function units called trabeculae
spaces are filled with bone marrow
mostly within epiphsyses
compact bone
dense
surrounds medullary cavity, creating hard external surface
mostly in diaphysis
what type of bones begin their ossification within a membrane
roofing bones of skull (flat bones), facial bones, mandible, and central clavicle
what muscle shape consists of fibers that spread over a broad area? What do you know about the central tendons of muscles with this shape?
convergent/triangular-thick central tendons
what components of the spinal cord can you find in the L1/L2 area? Describe each compoennt
conus medullaris: distal end of spinal cord proper
start of the cauda equina: extensions of dorsal and ventral roots
What are dermatomes? Why are they clinically important?
Sensory regions of a body monitored by a singlepair of spinal nerves
Numbness in a specific area of the body can be linked to damage to a certain pair of spinal nerves
true/false: a fossa is a smooth surface on a bone that is important for articulation
false. a FACET does this
true/false:the tunice media is the thickest layer of a vessel
true
which layer of the epidermis is found only in thick skin?
stratum lucidum
where in the body would I find thick skins? How does thick skin differ from thin skins
location: palms of hands, soles of feet
does not include: hair follicles, sebaceous glands, arrector pili
contains stratum lucidum layer of epidermis
dorsal root ganglion
dorsal root
dorsal horn
ventral horn
ventral root
cell bodies of sensory neurons
axons of sensory neurons
axons of sensory neurons and possibly interneurons
cell bodies of motor neurons and possibly interneurons
axons of motor neurons
thoraic vertebrae
what composes the periosteum and how is it anchored
-formed by dense, irregular, connective tissue
-anchored via collagen fibers
what do collagen and elastic fibers add to the skin?
collagen: adds strength to skin
elastics: adds stretch to skin
true/ false: Proprioception depends on descending tracts from the brain and can be defined as the bodys visual awareness of where it is in space?
false: proprioception depends on ascending tracts into the brain and can be defined as the bodys NONvisual awareness of where it is in space
what makes up Gray and White matter in the brain and spinal cord?
gray matter: dorsal and ventral horns
-cell bodies of motor and interneurons
unmyelinated axons
white matter: anterior, lateral, and posterior funiculi
myleniated axons
the spinal nerves and cord pass through what vertebreal structure
intervertebreal foramen and vetebreal foramen
what bilateral structure would you find in line with T7
inferior angle of scapula
Describe the two types of nerves found within the skin
sensory: surface of skin, base of hair follicles
motor: innervate arrector pili mm
where would I find cerebrospinal? Why is it important
located in the subarachnoid space
shock absorber, diffusion medium for dissolved gas, nutrients, chemical messengers, and waste