Nervous System Organization
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Brain and spinal cord. Does integration and is the control center
Sensory Division
Receives sensory stimuli to send back to CNS/brain
Sympathetic System
Excites you/amps you up
Nociceptors
Respond to pain
Nervous System
The ultimate control center of the body overseeing all communication among the organ systems
Processes the input stimuli and decides what should be done
Generates and transmits nerve impulses; the conducting region; also known as a nerve fiber
Largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Spinal and cranial nerves. Communication system between the CNS and the rest of the body
Motor Division
Sends out information from the brain to effector organs like muscles and glands
Mechanoreceptors
Respond to mechanical force, like vibration, pressure, stretch, and touch
Interneurons
Housed in the CNS and transport info between the sensory and motor neurons
Receives stimuli via millions of sensory receptors throughout the body
Conduct impulses from CNS 🡪 smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands. Controls involuntary movements of the heart, lungs, stomach, etc.
Excitable cells that respond to stimuli by conducting impulses to transmit signals
Sensory Input
Receives stimuli via millions of sensory receptors throughout the body
Excites you/amps you up
Housed in the CNS and transport info between the sensory and motor neurons
Transport info from CNS 🡪 rest of the body
Cerebrum
Largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory
Somatic Nervous System
Conduct impulses from CNS 🡪 skeletal muscles. Controls voluntary movements
Thermoreceptors
Respond to change in temperature
Nodes of Ranvier
Unmyelinated gaps in the myelin sheath that aid in increasing the velocity of nerve signal conduction
Receives sensory stimuli to send back to CNS/brain
Covers long axons (nerve fibers) to protect and electrically insulate them to increase the speed of nerve impulse transmission
Brain and spinal cord. Does integration and is the control center
Integration
Processes the input stimuli and decides what should be done
Activates effector organs to cause a response
Respond to chemicals
Brain and spinal cord. Does integration and is the control center
Cerebellum
Under the cerebrum. Maintains posture and balance. Coordinates timing and patterns for smooth and agile subconscious movements
Autonomic Nervous System
Conduct impulses from CNS 🡪 smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands. Controls involuntary movements of the heart, lungs, stomach, etc.
Photoreceptors
Respond to light
Sensory Neurons
Transmit info from sensory receptors
Respond to light
Under the cerebrum. Maintains posture and balance. Coordinates timing and patterns for smooth and agile subconscious movements
Respond to pain
Neuroglia
Supportive cells that provide nutrition, insulation, and help with signal transmission
The end of the axon that releases neurotransmitters at a synapse when a nerve impulse is received; the secretory region
Processes the input stimuli and decides what should be done
The main receptor of signals; input region
Brainstem
Base of the cerebrum and anterior to the cerebellum. Relays info between rest of the brain and the spinal cord. Coordinates a lot of automatic functions like respiration, circulation, body temperature, sleep, digestion, and swallowing
Parasympathetic System
Calms you down; does the opposite of everything the sympathetic does
Chemoreceptors
Respond to chemicals
Motor Neurons
Transport info from CNS 🡪 rest of the body
Respond to change in temperature
Housed in the CNS and transport info between the sensory and motor neurons
The ultimate control center of the body overseeing all communication among the organ systems
Motor Output
Activates effector organs to cause a response
The ultimate control center of the body overseeing all communication among the organ systems
Brain and spinal cord. Does integration and is the control center
Conduct impulses from CNS 🡪 skeletal muscles. Controls voluntary movements