Cell Organelles
The "powerhouse of the cell" — produces most ATP.
What is the mitochondria?
Transport that requires NO cellular energy.
What is passive transport?
A molecule that binds to a receptor.
What is a ligand?
The four major tissue types.
What are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous?
The first stage of wound healing — stopping the bleeding.
What is hemostasis?
This organelle stores DNA and acts as the cell's control center.
What is the nucleus?
The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
What is osmosis?
Signaling that travels through the bloodstream to distant cells (like insulin).
What is endocrine signaling?
Thin, flat cells found lining the alveoli for diffusion.
What is simple squamous epithelium?
DNA is replicated during this phase of interphase.
What is S phase?
These organelles contain enzymes that break down worn-out materials.
What are lysosomes?
The sodium-potassium pump is an example of this energy-requiring transport.
What is active transport?
A neuron releasing a neurotransmitter across a synapse is this type of signaling.
What is synaptic signaling?
This muscle type is involuntary, striated, and found only in the heart
What is cardiac muscle?
Scar tissue formation when normal tissue cannot be restored is called this
What is fibrosis?
This organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for shipping.
What is the Golgi apparatus?
A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will do this
What is swell (and possibly burst)?
The process of converting an outside signal into a cellular response.
What is signal transduction?
Tendons and ligaments are made of this connective tissue with parallel collagen fibers.
What is dense regular connective tissue?
Name the four stages of mitosis in order.
What are Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (PMAT)?
Trace the path of a protein from DNA to release outside the cell.
What is: nucleus → ribosome → rough ER → Golgi → vesicle → plasma membrane (exocytosis)?
Name the two tails' property and the heads' property in the phospholipid bilayer.
What are hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads?
In type 2 diabetes, cells become less responsive to insulin — this term describes fewer active receptors.
What is downregulation (insulin resistance)?
These glial cells support, protect, and nourish neurons (name at least two types).
What are astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, microglia, or ependymal cells?
A stem cell that can produce all embryonic and extraembryonic cell types.
What is totipotent?